ix history Final

 *** দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধের বিভিন্ন কারণগুলি আলোচনা করো।

উত্তর:-  দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ (১৯৩৯-'৪৫ খ্রি.) ছিল বিশ্ব ইতিহাসের সবচেয়ে ভয়ানক যুদ্ধ। এই যুদ্ধে একদিকে ছিল অক্ষশক্তিভুক্ত জার্মানি, ইটালি, জাপান প্রভৃতি রাষ্ট্র এবং অন্যদিকে ছিল ইংল্যান্ড, ফ্রান্স, রাশিয়া, আমেরিকা প্রভৃতি রাষ্ট্র। দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধের  কারণগুলি  ছিল ---

1.ত্রুটিপূর্ণ ভার্সাই সন্ধি: - প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের পর বিজয়ী মিত্রশক্তি পরাজিত জার্মানির ওপর তীব্র বৈষম্যমূলক ভার্সাই সন্ধি (১৯১৯ খ্রি.) চাপিয়ে দেয়। এই সন্ধির দ্বারা জার্মানির বিভিন্ন ভূখণ্ড, শিল্পাঞ্চল, খনি ও উপনিবেশগুলি কেড়ে নেওয়া হয় । জার্মানির সামরিক শক্তি হ্রাস করা হয়। জার্মানির ওপর বিপুল পরিমাণ আর্থিক ক্ষতিপূরণের বোঝা চাপানো হয়। ঐতিহাসিক ই এইচ কার একে 'জবরদস্তিমূলক চুক্তি' বলে অভিহিত করেছেন। জার্মানি এই 'একতরফা চুক্তি' ভেঙে ফেলার সুযোগের অপেক্ষায় ছিল।

2.ঔপনিবেশিক লড়াই:- বিংশ শতকের শুরুতে বিশ্বের অধিকাংশ উপনিবেশ ইংল্যান্ড, ফ্রান্স, বেলজিয়াম, হল্যান্ড, আমেরিকা প্রভৃতি দেশের দখলে চলে যায়। পরবর্তীকালে ইটালি, জাপান প্রভৃতি দেশ খুব বেশি উপনিবেশ দখল করার সুযোগ না পেয়ে ক্ষুদ্ধ হয়। ফলে উপনিবেশের অধিকার নিয়ে বিভিন্ন দেশের মধ্যে তীব্র প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা শুরু হয়।

3.একনায়কতন্ত্রের উত্থান: - প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের পর কয়েকটি দেশে একনায়কতান্ত্রিক শাসকের উদ্ভব ঘটে। এদের মধ্যে অন্যতম ছিলেন ইটালির ফ্যাসিস্ট শাসক মুসোলিনি, জার্মানির নাৎসি শাসন হিটলার, জাপানের শাসন তোজো প্রমুখ। তাদের উগ্র সাম্রাজ্যবাদ ও যুদ্ধবাদী নীতি বিশ্বে অশান্তি সৃষ্টি করে।

4.নিরস্ত্রীকরণ সম্মেলনের ব্যর্থতা: - জেনিভার নিরস্ত্রীকরণ সম্মেলনে (১৯৩৩ খ্রি.) বৃহৎ শক্তিগুলি জার্মানির অস্ত্রশক্তি হ্রাসে অত্যন্ত উদ্‌গ্রীব হলেও তারা নিজেদের অস্ত্রশক্তি হ্রাস করতে রাজি ছিল না। জার্মানি নিজের সামরিক শক্তি বৃদ্ধির সুযোগ না পেয়ে সম্মেলন ত্যাগ করে নিজের ইচ্ছামতো সামরিক শক্তি বৃদ্ধি করতে থাকে।

5.জাতিসংঘের ব্যর্থতা: - প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের পর বিশ্বশান্তি প্রতিষ্ঠার লক্ষ্য নিয়ে জাতিসংঘ প্রতিষ্ঠিত হলেও জাতিসংঘ তার লক্ষ্যপূরণে বারবার ব্যর্থ হয়। যেমন-  জাপান চিনের মাঞ্চুরিয়া দখল (১৯৩১ খ্রি.) করলেও জাতিসংঘ জাপানের বিরুদ্ধে কোনো ব্যবস্থা নিতে পারেনি  । ইটালি অ্যাবিসিনিয়া দখল (১৯৩৬ খ্রি.) করলে জাতিসংঘ তা প্রতিরোধ করতে ব্যর্থ হয়।কিন্তু এই রকম পরিস্থিতিতেও জাতিসংঘ নীরব দর্শকের ভূমিকা পালন করে।

6.শক্তিজোট: - দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধের আগে বিশ্ব পরস্পর- বিরোধী দুটি সশস্ত্র শিবিরে বিভক্ত হয়ে পড়ে। একদিকে থাকে ইংল্যান্ড, ফ্রান্স, রাশিয়া, আমেরিকা প্রভৃতি দেশকে নিয়ে গড়ে ওঠা 'মিত্রশক্তি' এবং অন্যদিকে থাকে জার্মানি, ইটালি, জাপান প্রভৃতি দেশকে নিয়ে গড়ে ওঠা 'অক্ষশক্তি'। উভয় শিবিরের মধ্যে সমরসজ্জার প্রতিযোগিতা শুরু হয়।

7.ইঙ্গ-ফরাসি তোষণ: জার্মানি, ইটালি, জাপান প্রভৃতি সাম্রাজ্যবাদী রাষ্ট্র ক্রমাগত ভার্সাই সন্ধির বিভিন্ন ধারাগুলি লঙ্ঘন করে বিভিন্ন দেশে আগ্রাসন চালায়। এই আগ্রাসন প্রতিরোধের চেষ্টা না করে ইঙ্গ-ফরাসি শক্তি দীর্ঘদিন সাম্রাজ্যবাদী শক্তিগুলিকে তোষণ করতে থাকে। ইঙ্গ- ফরাসি শক্তি মনে করত যে, তোষণনীতির মাধ্যমে যুদ্ধ এড়ানো যাবে। কিন্তু এই তোষণনীতির ফলে সাম্রাজ্যবাদী দেশগুলির আগ্রাসন আরও বেড়ে যায়।

৪. প্রত্যক্ষ কারণ: জার্মানির শাসক হিটলার ১৯৩৯  খ্রিস্টাব্দের ১ সেপ্টেম্বর পোল্যান্ড আক্রমণ করলে ৩ সেপ্টেম্বর ইঙ্গ-ফরাসি শক্তি জার্মানির বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ ঘোষণা করে। ফলে দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ শুরু হয়।

* *পার্ল হারবারের ঘটনাটি কী? (Marks-4)

অথবা, পার্ল হারবারে জাপান কর্তৃক বোমাবর্ষণ সম্পর্কে কী জান?

উত্তর:-  পার্ল হারবার হল প্রশান্ত মহাসাগরের হাওয়াই দ্বীপে অবস্থিত একটি বন্দর। এখানে আমেরিকা তার নৌঘাঁটি স্থাপন করেছিল। ইউরোপে দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ চলার সুযোগে এশীয় রাষ্ট্র জাপান প্রশান্ত মহাসাগরীয় অঞ্চল ও দূরপ্রাচ্যের বিভিন্ন স্থানে আগ্রাসী নীতি প্রয়োগ করে। আমেরিকা এই আগ্রাসনের বিরোধিতা করলে আমেরিকা ও জাপানের মধ্যে সম্পর্কের অবনতি ঘটে।

1. আমেরিকার উদ্যোগ:- জাপানের আগ্রাসী নীতির ফলে আমেরিকা জাপানের সঙ্গে পুরোনো বাণিজ্যিক চুক্তিটি বাতিল করে দেয়। জাপানে পেট্রোলিয়ামজাত পণ্য-সহ বেশ কয়েকটি পণ্য সরবরাহ বন্ধ করে দেয়। আমেরিকায় অবস্থিত জাপানি সম্পত্তি বাজেয়াপ্ত করে। এসব ঘটনায় জাপান ক্ষুদ্ধ হয়।

2. যুদ্ধের সম্ভাবনা:- জাপান খনিজ তেলসমৃদ্ধ দক্ষিণ ইন্দোচিন দখল (১৯৪১ খ্রি.) করে নিলে জাপানের সঙ্গে আমেরিকা সব ধরনের বাণিজ্যিক সম্পর্ক ছিন্ন করে। এরপর চিন ও ইন্দোচিন থেকে জাপানি সেনা প্রত্যাহারের দাবি জানায়। আমেরিকার এই দাবি জাপান প্রত্যাহার করলে উভয় পক্ষের মধ্যে যুদ্ধের সম্ভাবনা দেখা দেয়।

3.  পার্ল হারবারে আক্রমণ:- জাপান ১৯৪১ খিস্টাব্দের ৭ ডিসেম্বর সকালে বিশাল নৌবহর ও ৩৩৫টি যুদ্ধবিমান নিয়ে ডাইস অ্যাডমিরাল নোগুচি-র নেতৃত্বে আমেরিকার নৌঘাঁটি পার্ল হারবারে বোমাবর্ষণ শুরু করে এবং এখানকার মার্কিন নৌঘাঁটি ধ্বংস করে দেয়। এটি পার্ল হারবারের ঘটনা নামে পরিচিত।

4 দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধে যোগদান: - পার্ল হারবারের ঘটনার পরদিন মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র নিরপেক্ষতা নীতি ত্যাগ করে সক্রিয়ভাবে জাপানের বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ ঘোষণা করে এবং দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধে যোগ দেয়। ফলে প্রাচ্যে দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ ছড়িয়ে পড়ে।

*** টীকা লেখো: রুশ-জার্মান অনাক্রমণ চুক্তি

উত্তর। নাৎসি শাসক হিটলার যেমন কমিউনিস্ট-বিরোধী ছিলেন তেমনি কমিউনিস্ট শাসক স্ট্যালিনও তীব্র নাৎসি-বিদ্বেষী ছিলেন।হিটলার এবং স্ট্যালিনের মধ্যে বিরোধ থাকা সত্ত্বেও বিশেষ পরিস্থিতিতে উভয়ের মধ্যে মিত্রতা স্থাপিত হয়।

1.জার্মানির উদ্দেশ্য: - পোল্যান্ড আক্রমণ করতে গিয়ে একই সঙ্গে পূর্ব সীমান্তে রাশিয়া এবং পশ্চিম সীমান্তে ইঙ্গ-ফরাসি শক্তির বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধে জড়িয়ে পড়তে হতে পারে বলে হিটলার আপাতত রাশিয়ার সঙ্গে মিত্রতা স্থাপনের দ্বারা পূর্ব সীমান্তে যুদ্ধের সম্ভাবনা দূর করেন।

2. রাশিয়ার উদ্দেশ্য:-  সাম্যবাদ-বিরোধী ইঙ্গ-ফরাসি শক্তির সঙ্গে জোট গঠনে ব্যর্থ হয়ে রাশিয়া নিজের নিরাপত্তার প্রয়োজনে জার্মানির সঙ্গে মিত্রতা স্থাপনে আগ্রহী হয়।

3 .  চুক্তি স্বাক্ষর:-  রাশিয়া ও জার্মানির মধ্যে ১৯৩৯ খ্রিস্টাব্দে (২৩ আগস্ট) রুশ-জার্মান অনাক্রমণ চুক্তি স্বাক্ষরিত হয়। এই চুক্তি স্বাক্ষরে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করেন রুশ পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী মলোটভ এবং জার্মান পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী রিবেনট্রপ।

4 চুক্তির শর্তাবলি:-  রুশ-জার্মান অনাক্রমণ চুক্তির দ্বারা স্থির হয় যে, রাশিয়া ও জার্মানি- 

[a] শান্তিপূর্ণ উপায়ে নিজেদের মধ্যে বিবাদের মীমাংসা করবে।

 [b] পরবর্তী ১০ বছর একে অপরকে আক্রমণ করবে না। 

[c] তৃতীয় কোনো শক্তির দ্বারা আক্রান্ত হলে কেউ তৃতীয় পক্ষকে সহায়তা করবে না।

 [d] পোল্যান্ডকে নিজেদের মধ্যে ভাগাভাগি করে নেবে।

5 চুক্তিভঙ্গ: রাশিয়ার সঙ্গে অনাক্রমণ চুক্তি সত্ত্বেও হিটলার দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধের সময় চুক্তি ভঙ্গ করে ১৯৪১ খ্রিস্টাব্দে (২২ জুন) রাশিয়া আক্রমণ করেন।

*** ইটালিতে মুসোলিনির নেতৃত্বে ফ্যাসিস্ট দলের ক্ষমতা লাভের প্রেক্ষাপট আলোচনা করো।

উত্তর। প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের পর দেশের সংকটজনক পরিস্থিতির সুযোগ নিয়ে মুসোলিনির নেতৃত্বে ফ্যাসিস্ট দল ১৯২২ খ্রিস্টাব্দে ইটালির শাসনক্ষমতা দখল করে।

ইটালিতে ফ্যাসিস্ট দলের ক্ষমতা দখল:- ইটালিতে মুসোলিনির নেতৃত্বে ফ্যাসিস্ট দলের ক্ষমতা দখলের প্রেক্ষাপট ছিল-

1 ইটালির দুর্দশা:- প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের পর ইটালিতে চরম রাজনৈতিক অস্থিরতা, অর্থনৈতিক সংকট, সামাজিক দুর্দশা, শ্রমিক ধর্মঘট, দাঙ্গা, লুঠতরাজ প্রভৃতি দেশকে এক চরম দুর্দশার দিকে ঠেলে দেয়। ফলে সরকারের ওপর ইটালিবাসী চরম ক্ষুদ্ধ হয়।

2 মুসোলিনির প্রচার:-  মুসোলিনি প্রচার করেন যে, প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধে ইটালি মিত্রপক্ষের হয়ে যুদ্ধ করা সত্ত্বেও যুদ্ধের পর ভার্সাই সন্ধিতে ইটালিকে তার প্রাপ্য স্থানগুলি থেকে বঞ্চিত করা হয়েছে। তাঁর প্রচার ইটালির সেনা-অফিসার ও বেকার যুবকদের উদ্দীপ্ত করে।

3 ফ্যাসিস্ট দল গঠন:- মুসোলিনি ইটালির মিলান শহরে ১৯১৯ খ্রিস্টাব্দে (২৩ মার্চ) বেকার সৈনিক ও দেশপ্রেমিকদের এক সমাবেশে 'ফ্যাসিস্ট' দল প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন।

4 দলের সংগঠন:- ফ্যাসিস্ট দল শীঘ্রই দেশের বিভিন্ন প্রান্তে অসংখ্য শাখা গড়ে তোলে। ১৯২১ খ্রিস্টাব্দে এই দলের সদস্যসংখ্যা প্রায় ৩ লক্ষে পৌঁছায়। মুসোলিনি বেকার সৈনিক ও যুবকদের নিয়ে 'ব্ল‍্যাক শার্টস' নামে একটি আধা-স্বেচ্ছাসেবক বাহিনী গড়ে তোলেন।

5 রোম অভিযান:- ফ্যাসিস্ট দল ১৯২২ খ্রিস্টাব্দে বলপ্রয়োগ করে সমাজতন্ত্রীদের ধর্মঘট ভেঙে দিয়ে রাতারাতি জনপ্রিয় হয়ে ওঠে। এরপর 'ব্লাক শার্টস' বাহিনীর ৫০ হাজার সদস্যকে নিয়ে মুসোলিনি রাজধানী রোম অভিযান (২৭ অক্টোবর) করেন।

6. ক্ষমতা দখল: - মুসোলিনির রোম অভিযানের ফলে রোমের ফ্যাক্টা মন্ত্রীসভা পদত্যাগ করে। রাজা তৃতীয় ভিক্টর ইমান্যুয়েল তাঁকে মন্ত্রীসভা গঠনের আহ্বান জানালে তাঁর নেতৃত্বে ফ্যাসিস্ট দল ইটালির ক্ষমতা দখল করে (৩০ অক্টোবর, ১৯২২ খ্রি.)।

*** রোম-বার্লিন-টোকিও অক্ষচুক্তি সম্পর্কে আলোচনা করো।

উত্তর। প্রথম  বিশ্বযুদ্ধের পর যেসব উগ্র সাম্রাজ্যবাদী একনায়কের আবির্ভাব ঘটে তাদের মধ্যে অন্যতম ছিলেন ইটালির মুসোলিনি, জার্মানির হিটলার এবং জাপানের তোজো।

1 ঘনিষ্টতার উদ্যোগ:- জার্মান শাসক হিটলারের শক্তিবৃদ্ধিতে আতঙ্কিত হয়ে ইটালির শাসক মুসোলিনি ফ্রান্সের সঙ্গে মিত্রতা গড়ে তোলেন। কিন্তু হিটলার উপলব্ধি করেন যে, জার্মানি ভবিষ্যতে অস্ট্রিয়া দখলের উদ্যোগ নিলে ইটালির সমর্থন তাঁর বিশেষ প্রয়োজন। মুসোলিনি ১৯৩৫ খ্রিস্টাব্দে অ্যাবিসিনিয়া আক্রমণ করলে হিটলার তাঁকে সমর্থন করেন। ফলে মুসোলিনি ও হিটলারের মধ্যে ঘনিষ্ঠতা বৃদ্ধি পায়।

2. রোম-বার্লিন-টোকিও অক্ষচুক্তি:- মুসোলিনি ও হিটলারের মধ্যে ঘনিষ্ঠতা বৃদ্ধি পেলে উভয়ের মধ্যে মিত্রতা (অক্টোবর, ১৯৩৬ খ্রি.) গড়ে ওঠে। ইটালি ও জার্মানির মধ্যে স্থাপিত এই মিত্রতা 'রোম-বার্লিন অক্ষচুক্তি' নামে পরিচিত।  জার্মানি ও জাপানের অ্যান্টি-কমিন্টার্ন জোটে ইটালি যোগ (৬ নভেম্বর, ১৯৩৭ খ্রি.) দিলে ইটালি, জার্মানি ও জাপানের মধ্যে 'রোম- বার্লিন-টোকিও অক্ষচুক্তি' মৈত্রীজোট গড়ে ওঠে।

শর্তাবলী:- ইটালি, জার্মানি জেনে রাখো ও জাপানের মধ্যে গড়ে ওঠা জোটের নামকরণে 'অক্ষ' শব্দটি প্রথম ব্যবহার করেন মুসোলিনি।  রোম-বার্লিন-টোকিও অক্ষচুক্তির দ্বারা স্থির হয় যে-

 [a] এই জোটের কোনো রাষ্ট্র চতুর্থ কোনো রাষ্ট্রের দ্বারা আক্রান্ত হলে তারা একে অন্যকে সহায়তা করবে।

 [b] এই চুক্তির স্থায়িত্ব হবে ১০ বছর।

xii suggestion all years

 1. ''Go there's a marchant come for his goods.'' --- Who said this and to whom ? Who is the merchant ? What is referred to as goods ? In what way does it bring out the attitude of the person and the society at that time ? 2+1+1+2

A:- Chubukov said this to Natalya in the play 'The Proposal'.

Lomov is the merchant here.

Natalya is referred to as goods in the play 'The Proposal'.

See Q.2 (Social life.)

2. ''We have had the land nearly three hundred years.'' --- Who is the speaker?  Who is spoken to ? What is referred to here as the land ? What do you know the land from there conversation ? 1+1+1+3

Or,  Describe the first argument over the oxen meadows. 6

Or, ''If you like I'll make you a present of them '' --- Who is the speaker ? Who is the person spoken to ? What would the speaker make a present of ? Why did the speaker say so ? 1+1+1+3

Or, 'You pettifogger! All your people like that' --- Who is the speaker ? Who is called pettifogger and Why?  What does the speaker say this ? 1+2+3

Or, ''You will remember that my oxen meadows touch your birchwoods.'' --- Who is the speaker ? What are oxen meadows and birch woods? Why have this been meantioned? 1+2+3

Or, '' These Meadows are not worth for me.'' --- Who is the speaker here ? In what context does the speaker say this ? What attitude of the speaker is revealed here? 1+1+4

Ans:- Oxen Meadows became the subject of dispute between Lomov and Natalya. Both of them claimed the same property to be theirs. Lomov wanted to establish the dispute in his favour. He said that his aunt's grandfather gave the land to Natalya's father's grand father. In return of which the peasants made bricks for Lomov's aunt's grandfather. He can present it to Chubukov's.  On the other hand Natalya claimed that the land was theirs. She knew it nearly three hundred years. Lomov behaved them as if they did not have any properties. Later Chubukov joined the querrel and called Lomov as a pettifogger.

VIVEKANANDA COACHING CENTRE

CLASS:- XII; SUB:- ENGLISH(B)

1. 'You gonna take me to jail? ' -- Who asked this question and to whom? When did the speaker ask this question? What reply did the speaker get?

Ans:- Roger  asked this question to Mrs. Jones , whose purse was snatched by him . 

Roger tried to snatch Mrs. Jones purse when she was coming back home one night . She caught him and found that he was a pale boy of about fifteen years . He had nobody at home to look after him . So she dragged him to her home to wash his face and feed him . Then Roger asked if she would take him to jail .

 In reply to his question Mrs. Jones told him that she would not take him to jail or anywhere else .

2. "Eat some more son'' -- Who is the speaker? What is offered by the speaker to the listener? What picture of speaker's character is revealed in this line?

Ans:- Here the speaker is Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones in the short story 'Thank You Ma'am'.

Here the listener was Roger. He was offered to eat lima beans, ham, cocoa, and a piece of cake.

See question no 3.

3. " sweat popped out on the boys face and he began to straggle . " . " Who is the boy ? When did sweat pop out on the boys face ? Why did he struggle ? What happened then ? 

Ans : - The boy referred to here is Roger in the story " Thank You Ma'am " . 

Roger tried to snatch the bag of Mrs. Jones . But lost his balanced and fell on the sidewalk. Mrs. Jones kicked him and held him tightly by his shirt front and dragged him to her house.  At that time sweat popped out on his face in fear . 

When Mrs. Jones observed him struggling , she stopped and put a wrestling hold on his shoulder and continued to drag him .

4. Why did the bearded man become an enemy of the Tsar ? What did the man swear and resolve to do ? Why did he ask forgiveness of the Tsar and what did he promise him ? 1 + 2 + 3 

Ans . The bearded man became an enemy of the Tsar because he had executed the bearded man's brother and seized his property . 

The man swore to take revenge on the Tsar . He resolved to kill the Tsar on his way back as he knew that the Tsar had left his bodyguards behind . 

The bearded man was identified by the Tsar's bodyguards and came under attack . When he reached the cottage of the hermit , he fainted as he was bleeding profusely . The Tsar and the hermit attended to his wound in the stomach and thus saved his life . The bearded man felt guilty of conscience because the Tsar , whom he had wanted to kill , saved his life . So , he asked for the Tsar's forgiveness.

 The bearded man promised to serve the Tsar as his most faithful servant and said that he yould bid his sons to do the same .

5. Why did Lomov think about taking a decision about getting married ? Whom did he want to marry ? Why ? 3 + 1 + 2 

Or , Lomov came with a proposal to marry Natalya . What logic does he give for his decision ? 

Or , " And it's impossible for me not to marry . " Why is the speaker so interested to marry ? Whom does he want to marry ? Why ? 3 + 1 + 2

6. ' You don't know me , but I know you . ' --- Who said this to whom ? What else did the speaker say ?

 Or , How did the enemy of the king become a friend ?

 Or , ' I am that enemy of yours who swore to revenge himself on you . ' --- Who said this to whom ? How did he become enemy of the person spoken to ? What did he confess so before him ? 

Or , ' I resolve to kill you ' --- Who said this to whom ? Why did the speaker want to kill him ? 

Ans : - The wounded man said this to the Tsar .

 The wounded man became the enemy of the Tsar because the Tsar had killed his brother and sized his property . 

Next morning , the wounded man understood that it was the Tsar who had saved his life . He was repentant and asked the Tsar to forgive him . He told that he wish to serve the Tsar as his most faithful slave throughout his life . He further told his sons to do the same .

7. " I am very sorry lady , I'm sorry " ---- Who is the speaker ? Was the speaker really sorry ? When was a speaker changed person ? 

Ans : Roger was the speaker here in the short story " Thank You Ma'am " .

 He was not at all sorry . He said he was sorry only to get released . 

See question no - 3 .

8. " She's like a love - sick cat " -Who said this and about whom ? Analyse the character of the person , referred to here , under the light of the comment above . 2 + 4

Ans . In Chekhov's play ' The Proposal ' Chubukov said this to Lomov about his daughter Natalya .

Though the quoted remark Chubukov wanted to mean that Natalya was very eager to marry.

Write Chubukov's character here.

1. ' In his side there are two holes.'Who is the person referred to here ? What do the two red holes signify ?

 Ans : A young soldier is referred to here in the poem ' Asleep in The Valley .

The two red holes are noticed by the side of the soldiers body which depicts that the young soldier is already dead .The poem reflects that a very young soldier is lying on the ground of a valley open mouthed with a innocent smile . The poet thinks that the soldier is sleeping peacefully in the open sunlight . So , the poet requests the nature to keep him warm and to the insects not to disturb his rest . Suddenly two red holes are noticed by the side of his body which indicates that the young soldier is already dead . His sleep is eternal sleep and he will never wake again . Through this poem Rimbaud describes the futility of war . War only catches young life .

2. '' His smile is like an infants.'' --- Whose smile is being reffered to here ? Why is the smile compared to the smile of infant?  How does the nature take care to him ? 1+3+2

3. ''Pale in his warm, green, sun soaked Bed '' --- Where does the line occur?  Who is pale and why ? Why is the poet call warm,  green,  sun soaked ? 1+2+3

4. '' The humming insects don't disturb his rest.'' --- Who rests and where ? Why is the rest not disturbed by the insects ? 1+1+4.(See the Central Idea)

1. Write the substance of the poem 'On Killing a Tree'.

Or,

'The bleeding bark will heal.' ---- When does the bark bleed? What does the poet want to suggest by this?

Ans:- The bark bleeds when the tree is hacked and chopped.

By the expression bleeding bark the poet indicates that the tree bleeds like a human being when it is hacked and chopped. The tree can heal it's own itself. In course of time curled green twigs come out from the part chose to ground. So, a tree cannot be killed by more hacking and chopping.

2. 'In his side there are two holes. Who is the person referred to here? What do the two red holes signify?

Ans:- A young soldier is referred to here in the poem 'Asleep in The Valley'.

The two red holes are noticed by the side of the soldiers body which depicts that the young soldier is already dead. His sleep is eternal sleep and he will never wake again. Through this poem Rimbaud evokes the futility of war. War only catches young life.

3. Describe the exchanges between Ruskin Bond and his last fellow passenger in the train.

Or,

'She was completely blind.' Explain the irony in the given line.

Ans:- The last fellow passenger boarded the train at Saharanpur station. He told Ruskin Bond that he was not attractive as the girl who left the train. The author wanted to know from him whether he had noticed the girls hair. The man told him that he had noticed her eyes, and not to her hair. Her eyes were beautiful and attractive but unfortunately she was completely blind.

4. 'Oh, how lucky you are. Who said this? Who is considered lucky and why? What did the person spoken to say in reply?

Ans:- A blind girl, the co-passenger of the narrator said this to the narrator.

The narrator was considered lucky because he was going to Mussoorie in October when the hills are very beautiful.

The narrator called on his memories and agreed that October is the best month to visit the hills. At that time the hills are covered with wilmories and agreed that of the sun is enjoyable. The road are quite and lonely as by that time most tourists have left. Drinking brandy before Long fire at night is quite enjoyable.

5. 'Yes October is the best time.... Who is the speaker? What time is reffed to her? Why according to the narrator it is the best time?

Ans:- The narrator is the speaker here in the story 'The Eyes Have It.'

The month of October of the autumn is referred to here.

The narrator called on his memories and agreed that October is the best month to visit the hills. At that time the hills are covered with wild dahlia's and the warmth of the sun is enjoyable. The road are quite and lonely as by that time most tourists have left. Drinking brandy before Long fire at night is quite enjoyable.

6. 'Oh, unhappy man that I am! I'll shoot myself! I'll hang myself! Who is unhappy? Why does the speaker wish to die?

Ans:- In the above quoted line, Chubukov is unhappy.

In the evening Lomov comes to chubukov's house to propose Natalya. Immediately after this all of them engaged themselves in an argument. When the situation becomes more critical, Lomov leaves the house, feeling sick. Natalya learns about the proposal when Chubukov confesses that Lomov's actual propose her. Now she becomes desperate and ask her father to bring him back. The unable to decide what to do Chubukov wishes to die.

7. 'Bring him back! Back! Ah! Bring him here. Who says this to whom?

When it is said? Why is the speakeer so excited?

Ans Natalya says this to her father chubukov.

She said it when she learned that Lomov came there to propose her.

In the evening Lomov comes to chubukov's house to propose Natalya. Immediately after this all of them engaged themselves in an argument. When the situation becomes more critical, Lomov leaves the house, feeling sick. Natalya learns about the proposal when Chubukov confesses that Lomov's actual propose her. Now she becomes desperate and ask her father to bring him back. The unable to decide what to do

Chubukov wishes to die.

8. 'Oh, what a burden---- to be the father of a grown up daughter!' daughter? Why is the daughter a burden to the father? Who is the father? Who is the

Ans:- Here the father is Chubukov and the daughter is Natalya.

In the evening Lomov comes to chubukov's house to propose Natalya. Immediately after this all of them engaged themselves in an argument. When the situation becomes more critical, Lomov leaves the house, feeling sick. Natalya learns about the proposal when Chubukov confesses that Lomov's actual propose her. Now she becomes desperate and ask her father to bring him back. As Natalya is an unmarried girl of twenty five years old. It is her father's duty to get her married to someone. That is why she is a burden to Chubukov.

9. Comment on the title of the play 'The Proposal'.

Ans:- The title 'The Proposal' directly expressed the theme of the play. The story of the play was based on Nineteenth century Russia when a thirty five years old Lomov came to his neighbour Chubukov's house with a proposal to marry Chubukov's daughter Natalya. But he could not express the proposal to Natalya rather he engaged in a hot argument with Natalya over common issues like Oxen Meadows or pet dogs. After a long chain of funny incidents, the marriage took place without the proposal. So the title is appropriate.

10. What answers did the hermit give to the kings questions?

Or,

'You have already been answered. Who said this to whom? What was the answers?

Ans:- The hermit said this to the Tsar.

The hermit suggested the answers from the events that had happened. Firstly, the right time for Tsar initially was to help the hermit in the work of digging and thereby to give no chance to his enemy to attack him. Secondly, the right person for him was the hermit himself whose work had spared him from his enemy attack. Third, the right business for him was to help to old and weak hermit. He also said, the right time was always now and the right person was the person with whom one was and the most important work to good to the right person.

11. Why did the Tsar not agree with the answers of the learned men? Whom did the Tsar decide to consult again? What was the person famous for? How did the Tsar go to visit this person?

Ans:- The Tsar did not agree with the answers of the learned men because they all gave different and

confusing answers.

The Tsar decided to consult with a hermit who lived in the wood.

The hermit was famous for his wisdom.

The Tsar knew that the hermit did not meet anyone except common man. So he put on simple clothes and leaving his horses and bodyguard at a distance, he walk alone to the hermit where he lived in the wood.

12. Describe the character of hermit in the story "Three Questions'.

Ans:- The hermit is the most important character in the story 'Three Questions'. He lived in the wood and well known for his wisedom. He was very practical and positive in his attitude. He never quitted the wood. He did not meet anyone except common man. Being not satisfied with the answers of the learned men, the Tsar decided to meet with the hermit. But the hermit gave not reply promptly. The hermit gave value of self experience and self teaching method. He was frail and weak, but his only purpose of life was to serving mankind.

13. What picture of the two seasons does Keats draw in The Poetry of Earth? How are the two pictures related?

Or,

Give the substance of the poem "The Poetry of Earth.'

Or,

What is the central idea of the poem 'The Poetry of Earth'?

Or,

Show after Keats that the poetry of earth never comes to an end.

Or,

'The poetry of Earth is never dead.' Explain.

Or,

Justify the title of the poem 'The Poetry of Earth'.

Ог,

'The Poetry of Earth is casing never.' -- Explain.

Ans:- John Keats in 'The Poetry of Earth' explain that poetry will live on this earth forever through the music of earth. When the birds become exhausted on hot summer days they take rest in the cool shade of trees. A voice of grasshopper runs from hadge to hadge to spread to music of summer. Being tired, the grasshopper takes rest beneath some pleasant weeds. The music of earth never ceases. After the grasshopper, the cricket carries the music of nature in winter. In the winter evening, the frost creates silence everywhere and the song of the cricket introduces warmth there. The person who is enchanted believes that the cricket is the grasshopper. Because the warmth of the cricket's song leads him to imagine that it is the grasshopper's song in the grassy hill during summer.

xii question 25

 Total No.of Printed Pages :                                                                               VCC/07/SKR25

VIVEKANANDA COACHING CENTRE

 2025

ENGLISH ( B ) 

( New Syllabus ) 

 Total Time : 3 Hours.                                                                                            Total Marks : 80

Instructions to the Candidates : 

1. Special credit will be given for answers which are brief and to the point .

 2. Mark's will be deducted from spelling mistakes , untidiness and bad handwriting 

3. Figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions . 

1.A. Complete each of the following sentences , choosing the correct option from the alternatives provided : 1x4-4 

(i) According to the narrator, aunts are usually ---- (a) formidable creatures (b) amiable at heart. (c) friendly  (d) repelling.

(ii) According to Kalam's father, whenever one feels lonely he starts looking for --- (a) friend (b) company (c) mentor (d) enemy.

(iii) Mrs. Jones gave Roger --- (a) 20 dollars (b) 10 dollars (c) 15 dollars (d) 5 dollars.

(iv) Each time the hermit stuck his spade into the ground, he ---  (a) sat down for rest b) drank water (c) wiped off the sweat on his forehead (d) breathed  heavily.

 1.B. Complete each of the following sentences , choosing the correct option from the alternatives provided : 1x4-4

(v) The 'most sensitive' part of the tree refers to --- (a) the miniature boughs (b) the green twigs (c) the leaves (d) the roots.

(vi) The silence is wrought by --- (a) frost (b) warmth of the stone (c) hot sun (d) the cricket's song.

(vii) The poet's friend is expected to grow --- (a) with time (b) with eternal lines of the poem (c) with the love of the poet (d) with nature's changing course.

(viii) The soldier is --- (a) young (c) old (b) very young (d) middle aged.

1.C.  Complete each of the following sentences, choosing the correct option from the alternatives provided :- 4×1=4

(ix) After hearing Lomov's proposal, Chubukov is "off his balance" with --- (a) joy (b) anger  (c) hatred (d) disguest.

(x) Lomov inherited his land from his late --- (a) father and mother (b) friend  (c) uncle (d) aunt and her husband.

(xi) "I shall try to be brief." -Here the speaker is--- (a) Chubukov (b) Lomov (c) Natalya (d) Nastasya.

(xii) Lomov thinks Squeezer should not be of more worth than --- (a) 100 roubles (b) 75 roubles  (c) 50 roubles (d) 25 roubles.

2. Answer any four of the following questions each in a complete sentence :- 1×4=4

i) Where did the Tsar fall asleep? (ii) What could the boy hear in the house?  (iii) What was Mrs. Jones' advice to the boy?  (iv) Why did the Tsar change the bandage?  (v) Why is Rameswaram so famous to pilgrims?  (vi) What was Kalam's father's schedule after namaz at dawn?  (vii) What mistake did the narrator commit ?  (viii) Why was the narrator prepared to sit with the girl for any length of time?

 2. B. Answer any four of the following questions each in a complete sentence :- 1×4=4

(ix) What does 'summer' symbolise in the poem? (x) What does the term 'poetry' signify in 'The Poetry of Earth'? (xi) How does the poet plan to beat death? (xii) What shakes the darling buds of May? (xiii) What scorch and choke the tree after it is pulled out? (xiv) What remains hidden inside the earth? (xv) What does 'heavy undergrowth' refer to? (xvi) What are sun's rays campared to?

3. Answer any two of the following questions each in about 100 words:- 6×2=12

(i) "Why are you so serious?" - Who asked this and to whom? Was there any reply? How did the person try to react? Why was the person spoken to so serious? 2+1+1+2

(ii) What picture of communal harmony do you find in the extract from APJ Abdul Kalam's autobiography? 6

(iii) "I'm very sorry, lady, I'm sorry" - Who said this to whom? Was she forgiven? 2+4

(iv) "For the last time, I pray you to answer my ques- tions, wise man." Who is the 'wise man'? How did he answer the questions asked to him? 1+5

4. Answer any two of the following questions each in about 100 words:- 6×2=12

(v) Describe after Gieve Patel's poem how a tree grad- ually grows to be so strong and large.

(vi) Why does Keats feel that the poetry of earth is never dead?

(vii) Comment on the role of nature in Rimbaud's 'Asleep in the Valley'.

(viii) "Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade"- Why does the poet say this about his friend?

5. Answer any one  of the following questions each in about 100 words:- 6×1=6

 (ix) "Go; there's a merchant came for his goods." -- Who said this and to whom? Who is 'the merchant'? What is referred to as goods ? In what way does it bring out the attitude of the person ? 2+1+1+2

(x) '' And it is imposible for me not to marry ." --- Why is the speaker so interested to marry ? Why does he want to marry ? Why ? 3+1+2

(xi) Describe the character of Lomov in the play "The Proposal" .

6. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow : 

The country's biggest inland lake , Chilka , connects with the Bay of Bengal through a narrow mouth , hence making it by nature a tropical lagoon . The lake is dotted with a number of picturesque islands bearing evocative names like Honeymoon Island , Breakfast Island and Bird Island . Its beauty is further enhanced by its wide variety of aquatic fauna and resident and migratory birds . Its shores are the habitat of beautiful black bucks . The 19th century Oriya poet , Radhanath Roy , remarked that Chilka was truly a thing of beauty , a joy forever . 

The lake is surrounded by numerous hills . Its colour changes magnificently with the passing clouds and the sun's position . The picture postcard beauty is enhanced by the hundreds of boats which set sail everyday , wafted by the breeze from the sea , the fishermen making a bountiful catch of prawn , mackerel and crab . Chilka wears a grand look specially in winter when it becomes home to exotic species of migratory birds arriving in large number from lands as far off as Siberia and Mongolia and from some other cold countries.

There is a Goddess Kalijai temple , abode of its presiding deity , on a tiny island in Chilka . Another attraction is the island home of migratory birds called Nalabana .. Visitors of the lake can reach the emerald green islands . by motor launches of the Orissa Tourism Development . Corporation ( OTDC ) stationed at Barkul and Rambhal that are available on hire . Motor launches of the state revenue department are also available at nearby . Balugaon . Besides , country boats can be hired from private operators at all these points.

 ( a ) State whether the following statements are True and False . Write " T ' for True and ' F ' for False . ( You need not write the sentences , write only the numbers ) 1x4-4 

( i ) Hills surround Chilka . ( ii ) On an island in Chilka , there is a temple . ( iii ) Chilka has no connection with the Bay of Bengal . ( iv ) Prawn , mackerel and crab are unavailable in Chilka .

 b ) Answer each of the following questions in about 30 words : 2x3 = 6

 ( i ) Who spoke about Chilka and what did he say ?  ( ii ) When does Chilka wear a grand look and why ? ( iii ) How can a visitor explore the islands on Chilka ? 

7. A. Do as directed :- 1×6=6

(i) "Are you going all the way to Dehra ?" said the girl. (Turn into indirect speech )

(ii) He is the best dog in the district. (Turn into positive degree)

(iii) I made a mistake then. (Change the voice)

(iv) Lomov said to Natalya , " I have come to you " . ( Change into indirect speech )

(v) The poetry of earth is never ceased . (Make it affirmative )

(vi) The most important thing in the world was science . ( Change into Positive Degree )

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions:- 3

They called their goodbyes and ---- train pulled out ---- the station. As I was totally blind ---- the time, my eyes sensitive only ---- light and darkness, I was unable ---- tell what ---- girl looked like. 

C. correct the errors in the following sentence :- 1×1=1

I would say my was a very secure childhood  . ( I / mine  / me )

8.  Write a report on the celebration on a " Environmental Day"  observation   in your school.  10

Or, 

Write a letter to the editor of an English daily within 120 words about the misuse of Loudspeaker 10

My Last Duchess 2

 1. Write the central idea of the poem " My Last Duchess".

Or, 

Give the substance of the poem '' My Last Duchess" .

Or, 

Justify the title of the poem "My Last Duchess " .

Or, 

Describe the theme of the poem " My Last Duchess" .

Ans:- Robert Browning poem "My Last Duchess '' is a popular  dramatic monologue . In this poem Duke talks with an  envoy who brings  the marriage proposal on the behalf of Count. Duke shows him a picture hunging on the wall which was painted by Fra Pandolf. Duke talks about his wife , her looks , behaviour , nature and simple manner etc. In the title 'My Last Duchess ' indicates that the Duke was very egoistic and narrow minded person who thought his wife as a personal  property. He could not bear with  his Duchess simplicity and friendly manner . Finally he ordered to kill his wife. Thus the statue of God Neptune taming a sea horse became very significance at the end of the poem.

2. Give a sketch of the character of the Duke in the poem "My Last Duchess'' .

Or, 

" This grew , I gave commands  " --- Who is the speaker ? What command did he give ? Why did he give this command ? 

Or, 

" And I choose / Never to stoop " --- Who said this ? What was the acts of stooping according to the speaker ? What light did this line reveal the character of the speaker ? 

Or, 

Why did the Duke command to kill his Duchess ? 

Or, 

How is power syndrome conveyed in My Last Duchess?

Ans:-  In Robert Browning poem "My Last Duchess " the Duke of Ferrara is the central  character.  He was very proud of his nobility of nine hundred years title.  He also showed his power and nobility like many rare things like the painting painted by Fra Pandolf and the statue of Neptune made by claus of Innsbruck. He was very possessive and narrow minded person because he thought his wife as a personal property.  His wife simplicity , cheerful nature , ablity to get along with everyone and praised seemed to him to be a fault.  Even he thought it was his insult to discuss with his wife about her nature. When such beheviour of the Duchess increased day by day he commanded to kill her. Duke's prossessiveness , proud imdicated  the power syndrome of the upper class society.

3. What type of a lady was the last Duchess ? Why was she killed ? 

Or, 

Discuss the character of the Duchess in the poem "My Last Duchess" . 

Or, 

"That's my last Duchess painted on the wall". --- Who is the speaker ? Who is the person spoken to ? Why is the Duchess painted on the wall ? 

Or, 

" She had a heart - how shall I say ? - too soon made glad". --- Who said to whom ? What examples does the speaker give in this regard ? 

Ans:- The whole story of the monologue "My Last Duchess'' revolves around a picture of the Duchess. From the Duke's description, we get an idea of ​​the Duchess's character. The Duchess was a woman who could laugh openly and cheerfully. She was happy with very little. It was a feature  of his character to be happy with very  little, to laugh easily . To her, the expensive gifts of  Duke, the beauty of the setting sun in the western sky, the cherry blossom branches plucked from the forest were all equal. She would thank everyone in usual manner. And this was unpleasant to the Duke because he was proud of his nine hundred years of lineage. But he did not even try to correct the Duchess. He thought that it would be disrespectful to him. So he finally ordered to kill the duchess  as a result of which the Duchess has now become a picture. Thus, the Duchess became a victim of the Duke's arrogance and cruelty.

MY LAST DUCHESS

 VIVKANANADA COACHING CENTRE

CLASS:- XI ; SEMESTER :- II 

VERSE:- MY LAST DUCHESS .

POET :- ROBERT BROWNING .

PREPARED BY :- SWAPAN KUMAR RAY (M.A , B.ED)

A. Answer the following questions :- (Marks - 2)

1) " That's my last Duchess painted on the wall " --- Who was the speaker  and who was the listener in the poem ?  (---- + Aux + Obj + And + ---- + Aux + Obj )

Ans:- 

2) " Looking as if she were alive." -- Who was she ? (Sub + Aux + ---)  

Who was the painter of the  portrait ? (--- + Aux + Obj )

Ans:- 

3) Who wrote the poem " My Last Duchess " ? ( ---- + V2 + Obj)

What kind of poem is it ? (Sub + Aux + ---- )

Ans:- 

4) What is the original  name of the Duke and his last Duchess ? (Sub + Aux + ---- + And + Sub + Aux + -----)

Ans:- 

5)" I call that piece a wonder, " --- Who is the painter of this wonder ? (---- + Aux + Obj)

How long did it take him to paint it ? (Sub + V2 + ---- + P + Obj)

Ans:- 

6) " And there she stands " --- Who is referred to here ? (--- + Aux + V3 + P + Obj)

 When does he stand ? {Sub + (V+es/s) + P + --- )

Ans:- 

7) " The curtain I have drawn for you." --- Who has drawn the curtain for Whom ? (---- Aux + V3 + Obj + P + ----)

Ans:- 

8) " This grew; I gave commands" --- Who gave commands ? (---- + V2 + Obj) 

What was the commands ? (Sub + Aux + P + -----)

Ans:- 

9) '' But to myself they turned " --- Who turned to Whom ? (---- + V2 + P + ---)

Ans:- 

10)"  But to myself they turned " --- Why did they turn to the speaker ? (Sub + V2 + P + Obj + because + ---) 

Ans:- 

11) " Nay, we'll go together down, sir." --- Who will go together ? ( ---- + And + ---- + Aux + V1 + Obj ) 

Where will they go ? (Sub + Aux + V1 + -----)

Ans:- 

12) " Then all smiles stopped together." --- When all smiles stopped together ? (Sub + Aux + When +  ----) 

Whose smilie is stopped  ? ( ---- + Aux + V3 + Obj)

Ans:- 

13) " Notice Neptune, though, taming a sea-horse." --- Who was Neptune ? (Sub + Aux + ----)

What was Sea horse ? (Sub + Aux + ----)

Ans:- 

14)  " thought a rarity." --- What was a rarity ? (---- + Aux + Obj )

Who created it ? ( ---- + V2 + Obj )

Ans:- 

15) What type of lady was the Duchess ? (Sub + Aux + ----) 

Ans:- 

16) " and I choose never to stoop. " --- Who was the speaker ? (---- + Aux + Obj )

What did  this line indicate about the person ? (Sub + V2 + Obj + That + ----)

Ans:- 

17) " Perhaps Fra Pandolf chanced to say, " --- Who was Fra Pandolf ? (Sub + Aux + ----)

What did he chance to say ? (Sub + V2 + P + V1 + That + -----)

Ans:- 

18) " And seemed as they would ask me." --- Who were they ? (Sub + Aux + ----)

What did they ask ? (Sub + V2 + About + ----)

Ans:- 

19) " Sir, ’twas all one." --- What were all to Whom ? (-----+ And + ---- + And + ---- + Aux + Obj + P + ----)

Ans:- 

20) "  I repeat, " --- Who was I referred to here ? (Sub + Aux + ----)

What did he repeat ? (Sub + V2 + That + ----)

Ans:- 

21)" As I avowed At starting, " --- Who was the speaker ? (Sub + Aux + ----)

What did he avowe at starting ? (Sub + V2 + P+ Obj + That + ----)

Ans:- 

22) " As if she ranked My gift." --- Who was She ? (Sub + Aux + ----)

What was the gift ? (Sub + Aux + ----)

Ans:- 

23) " Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me! " --- Who was Claus of Innsbruck  ? (Sub + Aux + ----)

What did he do for the speaker ? (Sub + V2 + ---- P + Obj)

Ans:-

Editorial letter

 EDITORIAL LETTER

Rulses: Kindly allow me a little space to raise my voice through the column of your esteemed daily against the---

So it is high time when the government should more strict to minimize the problem for the benefit of common people.

1. Anti-social Activity in our locality.

The antisocial activities of our locality are increasing day by day. Murder, robbery, kidnapping have become ornornaments of our daily lives. Eve-teasing has become rampant. It has become a problem for the parents of the area to send their daughters to schools and colleges. A gang of antisocial elements have been operating for a few months. The police cannot control the situation. The people in our locality cannot live a peaceful life.

2. Bad condition of hospital in our locality.

the condition of the hospital in our locality is very deplorable. There are sweepers in the hospital but they do not clean the hospital regularly. The number of beds is limited. So many patients have to lie down on the floor. The doctor and nurses come,sign and go. They do not take care to the patients. They are busy with their private practice. The patients cry for help and medicines.

3. Poor condition of the street lights.

I live in Cooch Behar city. The condition of street light in our locality is very poor. Which is making low visibility in night and people find it difficult to drive. Which can make possibility of accident. it is highly dangerous for the pedestrians because they cannot see which way they are going. Some of the street lights which are working, are not in proper condition, electrical wires are hanging from the street light pole which is dangerous and hazardous for people. Due to the good street lights many antisocial activities are growing up now a day.

4. evils of the dowry system.

The dowry system is a stigma in our society. It is an insult to women. It is a matter of shame for men. The greed for dowry has taken the lives of many innocent girls. They are tortured physically as well as mentally. Many a time they are burnt alive. Though we have a law that disallows the giving and taking 6f dowry, yet this evil is spreading

Text and writter xi

 Prose 

1. An Astrologer's Day 

R.K.Narayan (Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanswami).

Indian Writer (Born in Cennai , 2006)

Sources:- Malgudi Days(1947)

Telecusting on Television :- 2006.

2. The Swami and Mother Worship 

Sister Nivedita.

Full Name:- Margaret Elizabeth Noble.

Nationality :- Irish . 

Sources:- The Master as I Saw Him. (2010)

Chapter No:- 11

3. Amarnath 

 Sister Nivedita.

Full Name:- Margaret Elizabeth Noble.

Nationality :- Irish . 

Sources:- The Master as I Saw Him. (2010)

Chapter No:- 08

Verse

1. Composed upon Westminster Bridge

William Wordsworth.

Nationality :- British.

Romantic Poet 

Sources :- Poems in two volume (1807)

The poet was going to Dover with his sister Dorothy Wordsworth.

2. The Bangle Sellers. 

Sarojini Naidu.

Known as The Nightingale of India.

Sources:- The bird of Time.

3. The Second Coming. (1919 ) 

William Butler Yeats.

Nationality :- Irish .

Published after first world war.

Collection of Verse:- Michel roberts and the Dancer."