Local festival

 

Project Work

on

Local Festivals and Traditions

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I feel great pleasure to get myself involved in this project which is an integral part of our English (B) course. I express my gratitude to my parents and teachers who helped me actively to accomplish this project. My special thanks are due to our English teacher (শিক্ষক মহাশয়ের নাম ) who helped me much in forming an idea about the methods of project writing.

I am also grateful to my friends who took part in the group discussion and helped me in the shaping of this project. 

--নিজের নাম ---

signature of the student

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BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE

 This is to certify that this project report entitled " Local Festivals and Traditions  " by --নিজের নাম ---; class:-   XII , Roll No:- ------------; Reg No.:- -----------; year:-  2025, submitted in partial fulfillment to class Xii English(B)  course during the present academic year is a bona fide record of work carried out under my guidance and supervision . 

Signature of the project guide

Name:-- শিক্ষক মহাশয় লিখবে তোমরা ফাকা রাখবে।

Designation:----------------------

School:-------------------------

Department:----–-------------------

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CONTENTS

(i)

acknowledgement

(ii)

Bona fide certificate 

1.

Introduction

2.

Objectives of the project

3.

Methodology 

4.

Output of the project

5.

Conclusion

6.

Reference

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INTRODUCTION 

Local festivals and traditions are the heartbeat of cultural identity, connecting communities through shared celebrations, rituals, and values. Festivals bring people together to celebrate seasonal changes, religious events, orhistorical milestones. Traditions, on the other hand, are the customs and practices passed down from one generation to another. They include rituals, special foods, clothing, music, dance, and art forms that are followed during festivals. Thus, local festivals and traditions are not only joyous gatherings but also windows into heritage and collective memory.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The primary objects of this project are-

● To explore the cultural diversity of West Bengal through its festivals, rituals, and traditional practices.

● To create awareness about regional, cultural traditions among the students.

● To reflect and familiarise with the cultural importance of local festivals and traditions of a specific region.

● To analyse the socio-economic impact of festivals on local communities, including tourism, handicrafts, and small business.

● To foster communal harmony by highlighting how festivals bring together people of different backgrounds.

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METHODOLOGY

This project was accomplished through a combination of primary and secondary sources. Books, websites, articles, and experts' thoughts provided foundational insights into local festivals and traditions. To enrich the study with authentic experiences, conversations were conducted with family members and elders, whose first-hand accounts and cultural knowledge offered valuable perspectives on traditional practices.

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OUT PUT OF THE PROJECT

LOCAL FESTIVALS AND TRADITIONS

India, a land of astonishing diversity, is blessed with a rich cultural tapestry woven from a multitude of religions, languages and traditions. India, often referred to as a mosaic of cultures, exemplifies the essence of unity in diversity nowhere more evident than in its vibrant and diverse festivals. These celebrations showcase the rich heritage of traditions, customs and beliefs that co-exist harmoniously transcending geographical and cultural boundaries.

India's festivals celebrate the country's cultural diversity and unity and promote mutual respect and understanding. These festivals also help people embrace their culture and religion and break the monotony of life. There are also festivals revolving around, seasons, religious deities an harvest, representing the festival diversity in India. Each and every festival is celebrated uniquely in different ways.Some of the festivals are celebrated all around the nation whereas some are done at the regional level. Here is a glimpse of some of the festivals to showcase the magnificent fabric of Indian life:

■ Durga Puja: It is a major Bengali festival signifying the triumph of good over evil. There is an enormous display of colourful and elaborate decorations, cultural performances and feasting. It is traditionally characterized by the construction of temporary structures or pandals, in which idols of goddess Durga are meticulously built.

Durga Puja is an annual festival which is celebrated in autumn. This autumnal festival is mainly observed in the state of West Bengal in the Indian subcontinent. It is the main festival of Bengali Hindus and the tradition goes back to the eighteenth century or earlier. At present the festival has acquired an immense dimension as a hooping figure. More than ten million people take part in this five-day festival, in Kolkata, the capital city of West Bengal, alone.

Though in 'Krishna-Yajurveda' the name of Durga is mentioned, there is no mention of the worship of the goddess in the Vedas. It is in the epics and the Puranas, where we first observe the worship of Goddess Durga. In 'Ramayana', the goddess was worshipped by Rama before his final fight with Ravana. The elaborate rituals of the worship of the goddess Durga is discussed in the 'Devi Mahatmya' section of the 'Markandeya Purana.

■ Diwali: The Hindus celebrate Diwali all over India to C signify the return of Lord Rama to his home after c defeating the evil King Ravana. This is a festival of C lights symbolizing the victory of good over evil. It has a great cultural value. 

■ Ganesh Chaturthi: Another Indian festival of great significance, especially in Maharashtra and the southern states. It marks the birth anniversary of Lord F Ganesha. In some states the festivities go on for as long as nine days.

■ Navaratri: Talking about nine days, Navaratri is another important Indian festival signifying the victory goddess Durga over the buffalo demon Mahishasur. The festival spans nine nights during which many Indians observe fasting. On the last day of the festival known as Vijayadashami or Dussera, a figure of Ravana is burned to mark the victory of good over evil.

■ Eid-ul-Fitr: It is a special festival that is celebrated by the Muslims in India. It symbolizes the end of the month that is considered holy, known by Ramjan. In Islam it fosters common love, expresses gratitude and celebrates togetherness by offering, receiving and sharing gifts as praying and eating similar cuisines.

On this day, Muslims gather for prayers at mosques and open grounds, dressed in new, traditional attire. After prayers, warm embraces and greetings of 'Eid Mubarak' are exchanged among friends, family, and neighbours. Children receive Eidi (Gift) from elders. Families prepare meals that include sevai, biryani, and halwa. Charitable giving, especially to the poor and needy, considered a sacred duty, is often done through a practice called Zakat al-Fitr.

■ Christmas:- With the whole world Christmas is celebrated with zeal and dignity by not only the Christians but also people of other communities. It creates a mood of festivity and joy of sharing.

■ Janmastami: On this auspicious day which is known as the birthday of Lord Krishna, people observe fasting, singing devotional songs and reciting scriptures. It creates an ambience of peace and purity.

■ Ram Navami:- Ram Navami is a festival celebrating the birth of Lord Rama. Fasting, going to temples and religious performances include all spheres of life.

■ Shivaratri:- Fasting, ritual practices and prayer to Lord Shiva are all the ways to seek the blessing of the god of creation, preservation and destruction.

■ Holi:- The festival of colours, is a spring season celebration that welcomes the advent of spring. It is a festival of youthful exuberance as well as merry-making and dishes associated with it.

■ Rakshabandhan:- The Rakshabandhan emphasizes the loving bond between a brother and a sister and a beautiful tradition that shows the pledge of protection with traditional exhibitions, gift-giving and family gatherings with extended families.

■ Chhath Puja:- It is a significant festival for the Bihari and Purvanchali (eastern UP) communities living in West Bengal. Observed six days after Diwali, typically in October-November, Chhath Puja honours Surya and Chhathi Maiya, symbolising gratitude, purity, and devotion.

Origin: The name of the festival is derived from the word 'Shashthi' in Sanskrit, meaning 'sixth', as it is celebrated on the sixth day of Kartik Shukla Paksha. Chhath Puja is believed to date back to the Vedic period. Mythologically, it is associated with Sita in the Ramayana, who is said to have performed Chhath rituals after returning to Ayodhya.

Devotees take a holy bath and consume a single satvik meal (a wholesome, pure, balanced and vegetarian meal). A full-day nirjala vrat is also observed, broken only after sunset with offerings like jaggery kheer and roti. Devotees offer prayers to the setting sun at riverbanks or water bodies, accompanied by folk songs and rituals. On the final day, arghya is offered to the rising sun, followed by breaking the fast and distributing prasad like thekua, laddoos, and seasonal fruits.

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CONCLUSION 

Apart from these major festivals, the numerous tribes of the country celebrate hundreds of festivals, each distinct from the other. From honouring their deities to elements of nature and worshipping animals. These festivals are celebrated with enthusiastic energy. Indian festivals play a vital role in maintaining the unity of society and the development of its social fabric. Festivals become occasions when different communities use to unite; to go beyond their challenges and create an atmosphere where respect and understanding prevail.

The local festivals and traditions of West Bengal are a vibrant reflection of the state's rich and diverse cultural heritage and social unity. From the grandeur of Durga Puja to the simplicity of rural harvest festivals like Nabanna, these celebrations bring people together across communities and generations. They preserve age-old customs, promote regional art forms, and strengthen the bond between tradition and modernity.

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REFERENCE

1. Ray & Martin, English Companion ,Kolkata, 2025.

2. Duff & Dutt, English Elixir an English Companion, Tulshi publication, kolkata, 2025.

3. Dr. Joseph,  Mukherjee, Kuila, English Digest , Prantik, Kolkata, 2025.

4. W.B.C.H.S.E Text Book.

5. Dr. P. C Das, P. Konar, English Rider, Katha-o-Kahini, Kolkata, 2025.

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Autobiography of a tree

 

Project Work

on

Autobiography of a Tree

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I feel great pleasure to get myself involved in this project which is an integral part of our English (B) course. I express my gratitude to my parents and teachers who helped me actively to accomplish this project. My special thanks are due to our English teacher ------- who helped me much in forming an idea about the methods of project writing.

I am also grateful to my friends who took part in the group discussion and helped me in the shaping of this project. 

--------

signature of the student

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BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE

 This is to certify that this project report entitled ' Autobiography of a Tree " by ------; class:-   XI , Roll No:- ---; Reg No.:- ----; year:-  2023 , submitted in partial fulfillment to class XI English course during the present academic year is a bona fide record of work carried out under my guidance and supervision . 

Signature of the project guide

Name:- 

Designation:-

School:-

Department:-

-----

CONTENTS

1) acknowledgement 

2) Bona fide certificate 

 3) Introduction 

4) Aim of the project

  5 ) Procedures & Input.

 6 ) Out put of the project

 7 ) Conclusion

8) reference 

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INTRODUCTION 

 Reading an autobiography or biography provides us with insight into the real - life experiences of great individuals . It also motivates us to pursue our goals in the actual world . A good autobiography also informs us about the milieu in which that individual lived . As a result , reading an autobiography is essential for us to gain a variety of practical lessons . Many times , a great person's life is so loaded with rich details and interesting facts that it appears to be exciting and educational and motivational to us .

An autobiography is a self written life story . An autobiography is a literary genre that is a self - written account of a person's life . It is often written by people who are well recognised or well renowned in an attempt to inform the reader of their thoughts and experiences , but they can be written by anyone .

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AIM OF THE PROJECT 

This project helps to develop the imaginative power , thoughts and ideas of the students in English literature . The students can write autobiographies on different objects like tree , river , road etc. in his their own way . The students can think of different situation in different background .

 * We should learn to develop the imaginative power , thoughts and ideas in English literature . * We would be able to change situations constantly to make the story interesting . 

* This project helps us to adopt a linking for English literature .

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PROCEDURES  & INPUT.

For the project , entitled as an ' Autobiography of a Tree ' , we worked in groups and sometimes in pairs through a systematic process . Our teacher fixed some  interventions for carrying out the project . The details of our activities are enumerated below :-

 First intervention : On the first day , we discussed some of the autobiographical stories . Then we minutely listened to all the stories and decided to write an autobiography of a tree . 

Second intervention : On the second day , our teacher taught us different aspects related to the project work . We asked the teacher a number of questions related to what he taught .

 Third invention : On the third day , we tried to locate the differences between biography and autobiography . 

Fourth intervention : On the fourth day , we started to change the story so that it looks like self - biography that is called ' autobiography ' . 

 Fifth intervention : On the fifth day , we prepared the draft of our self memoire in our life story . Then we read out our manuscripts . 

Sixth intervention : On the sixth day , we selected the best manuscript . Then we worked together for its further betterment . Another draft was prepared . 

Seventh intervention : On the seventh day , we prepared the final manuscript .Then we read out the manuscript in the presence of our teacher . 

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OUT PUT OF THE PROJECT:-

THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A TREE 

I am a banyan tree I am tall and imposing . I was sowed 200 years ago in a village of Jatigara , Cooch Behar . All my neighbours call me old grandfather . I have passed through many ups and downs in my life . Experienced a lot , but still survived so many years , with getting nervous and performing my duty well . I have also seen a huge spectrum of society , funny gesture of the people .

One day , a young lad of this village in his teens sowed my seed in front of his house . He used to water me every day . One fine morning , I sprouted out my head as a small sapling . The boy was overwhelmed and started taking care of me a lot . But unfortunately , he died after 50 years and could not see me growing more ! 

I have seen everything of the village . Whether be it a birth of a child or funeral processions of someone who is dead . The whole village respects me a lot and thinks of me as an elderly member of the , family . 

I have seen everything of the village . Whether be it a birth of a child or funeral processions of someone who is dead . The whole village respects me a lot and thinks of me as an elderly member of the family . All the decisions and meetings of the village ' Baroari ' are held under my shade . And in each and every occasion they pay me offerings . I readily and happily offer shelter to all the animals and the hard working people who work in the field . I still remember the time when I was young , slim and trim my desire that one day I will grow and give shelter to everybody and today that desire of me has . come true .

I have out - stretched my powerful arms over many trees and cast its shadow across other small trees . When there was rain , I was in high spirits I use to feel fresh and after the rain when sun use to shine it was a pleasant sight I use enjoy it . Cows , goats and more animals rest under me . Birds make their nest on me . I feel very glad when they rest under me when they feed their cubs under my shadow in the afternoon . I feel very happy and then the cubs start playing and then they sleep under my shadow . I like all the animals and the people in the village for the care and concern they show me .

Then came the day of joy . The villagers put a two feet wall like boundary around my trunk . On month of ' Baisakh ' they started to water me as ritual .

 One thing I forgot to tell you all , about my life . When people come and sit on the platform around me , I also get a lot of information about man's world . I hear scandals , I hear about murders , thefts and what all evils that exist in this man's world . At times I also get to hear small children saying lovely words to their mothers and , seeing the mothers cajoling them , I feel what a beautiful life men have .

I too had lots of tree friends in this village but some wicked woodcutters cut them down with their axes . Some people say that they might cut me down as well but I don't want that anything like that happens . Why should they cut me down when they regard me as the national tree of their country ?

 Each morning I pray to god had asked him to grant these humans with some sense . I pray that they may let us live and make this earth a healthier and more beautiful space for us and them to live in .

People think we trees don't have any feelings but they don't understand that we too feel happy and miserable at times . I don't know how many days more I will survive but I know one thing that my village loves me a lot and they will go on respecting me as they do . I do know that I will not die a natural death . I have to prepare myself for the pain that I have to suffer at the hands of those who chop us down . 

Thus to add to my experience of life , I have come to know a lot about human beings and their lives . Their lives are also full of pleasures and  disappointments . It is not that men only enjoy as , most of us lesser beings seem to feel . Men also have their own problems . So , to add up I'd say my life is a pleasure and a rich experience .

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CONCLUSION 

The project we undertook was completed within scheduled time limit . After completing the project we have learnt the following :

 ( i ) How to transform a story rich in dramatic elements into a successful play .

 ( ii ) How to make the play lively by adding suitable dialogues . 

( iii ) The utility of stage performance in learning the target language .

 ( iv ) How to enjoy group work.

( v ) How to develop essential skills such as collaboration , communication , and critical thinking . 

(Vi) The product of this particular project will help others.  They will get a ready script to be enacted .  They will be able to modify the script to make it more lively .

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REFERENCE

1. Zenith Roy& Manas Chattopadhyay, Higher Secondary English Guide,Kolkata,2017.

2. Chakraborty & Chakraborty, Higher Secondary English Digest, Kolkata,2017.

3. Dr. P.C Dhar & P.K Ray, Smart English, Kolkata,2015.

4. W.B.C.H.S.E Text Book.

5. A. S Hornby, Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Eight Edition, 2010.

Health and Fitness

 Project Work

on

Health and Fitness - A Path to Better Life 

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I feel great pleasure to get myself involved in this project which is an integral part of our English (B) course. I express my gratitude to my parents and teachers who helped me actively to accomplish this project. My special thanks are due to our English teacher (শিক্ষক মহাশয়ের নাম ) who helped me much in forming an idea about the methods of project writing.

I am also grateful to my friends who took part in the group discussion and helped me in the shaping of this project. 

--নিজের নাম ---

signature of the student

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BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE

 This is to certify that this project report entitled " Health and Fitness - A Path to Better Life  " by --নিজের নাম ---; class:-   XII , Roll No:- ------------; Reg No.:- -----------; year:-  2025, submitted in partial fulfillment to class Xii English(B)  course during the present academic year is a bona fide record of work carried out under my guidance and supervision . 

Signature of the project guide

Name:-- শিক্ষক মহাশয় লিখবে তোমরা ফাকা রাখবে।

Designation:----------------------

School:-------------------------

Department:----–-------------------

---------------------------------------------------------

CONTENTS

(i)

acknowledgement

(ii)

Bona fide certificate 

1.

Introduction

2.

Objectives of the project

3.

Methodology 

4.

Output of the project

5.

Conclusion

6.

Reference

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INTRODUCTION

There is a famous proverb saying 'Health is wealth' and it could not be more accurate. Health and fitness are fundamental aspects of living a fulfilling and happy life. They form the base of an individual's ability to easily perform his / her daily activities and contribute to the society. In today's era of hustle and hardship, a sound body and mind are necessary to succeed in life. Yet, many people neglect their health amid work pressure, insufficient physical activities, and unhealthy eating habits, and often face physical and mental health issues. Thus, maintaining health and fitness through regular exercises, proper diet and mental wellness are essential to lead a fruitful and happy life.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The primary objects of this project are -

To understand the value of health and fitness in our daily lives.

To be able to analyse how a balanced diet, regular exercise, and lifestyle choices affect our lives.

To learn about the methods for maintaining physical and mental wellness.

To seek practical solutions for overcoming challenges in adopting a healthier lifestyle.

To promote awareness about the importance of adopting healthy habits for long-term well-being.

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METHODOLOGY

This project is based on books, medical journals, expert opinions, and reliable online sources to analyse the topic of health and fitness. It explores key aspects of well-being, including physical health, mental wellness, nutrition, exercises, and everyday healthy habits. Though the research does not include primary methods like survey or medical consultation, it still delivers valuable insights and practical guidance for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

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OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT

● What is Health and Fitness?

According to WHO (World Health Organisation), health is defined as 'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'. Thus, it is not enough to be just free of disease being healthy means one is happy, active, and socially connected. Fitness, on the other hand, refers to the ability to perform daily activities effectively and efficiently. People often use these terms together, as both physical and mental fitness contribute significantly to overall health. Therefore, investing in your health and fitness today ensures a brighter tomorrow.

● Importance of Health and Fitness :

A healthy body and mind enable a person to stay active, alert and productive throughout the day. Regular exercise and a balanced diet improve physical as well as mental well-being. While fitness enhances physical strength, flexibility and overall well-being, good health ensures a strong immune system, improved mood and a better quality of life. Thus, prioritising health and fitness are of topmost importance as they promote longer and healthier life.

● Ways to Achieve Physical and Mental Wellness :

In today's fast-paced life, physical and mental wellness can be achieved by maintaining a balanced lifestyle. It involves adopting positive habits like good nutrition, regular exercise, proper rest and self-care, that nourish both the body and the mind. Being fit and healthy is not just about staying active; it is about being physically and mentally stronger, living longer and enjoying life more. The ways to achieve physical and mental wellness are mentioned below.

1. Balanced diet - The proverb 'You are what you eat' rightly reflects that the food we consume directly impacts our physical and mental well-being. In today's busy lifestyle, consumption of processed and fast food has become very popular. This habit should be discouraged, as it leads to diabetes, obesity and many other health issues. An unhealthy diet can also harm mental health by causing mood swings, increasing stress, disrupting sleep, and raising the risk of anxiety and depression. Therefore, adopting a balanced diet consisting proteins, carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals is essential for maintaining overall wellness and preventing chronic diseases.

2. Physical exercise - Physical exercise is essential for maintaining overall health and fitness. It is not limited to body building or gym workouts. Rather it includes activities like free-hand exercises, walking, dancing, swimming, yoga and more. Each form of activities offers unique benefits to our health. According to WHO, adults should engage in at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week, while children and adolescents require an average of 60 minutes daily. Regular exercise reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety, improves thinking and learning, and enhances overall well-being by releasing the 'happy hormone' endorphin.

3. Adequate rest and sleep - Adequate rest and sleep are vital for maintaining good health and fitness. Yet, they are often neglected due to today's hectic lifestyles. Quality sleep helps the body recover by repairing tissues, building bones and muscles and boosting the immune system. Whereas, lack of sleep increases fatigue and risk of injury, and also affects mental health. Experts recommend that an adult should get 7 to 9 hours of sleep at night to support overall well-being.

4. Mental wellness - Mental health is closely connected to physical well-being,

and disturbances in emotional well-being can lead to serious physical conditions such as high blood pressure, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and eating disorders. Various factors including academic stress, relationship struggles, financial concerns, and life challenges can affect mental wellness. To support emotional balance, engaging in calming activities like meditation, walking, and yoga can be highly beneficial. Additionally, pursuing hobbies and passions encourages positivity, and hope, thus contributing to a healthier state of mind and body. Strong relationships and community bonds also help improve mental well-being by reducing loneliness and offering emotional support.

● Challenges Faced in Adopting a Healthier lifestyle:

1. Time constraints - Busy schedule often leaves little room for eating healthy meal, exercising regularly or resting properly.

2. Easy access to unhealthy food - Fast food and processed food are readily available and very tempting to resist.

3. Cost factor - The high cost of healthy food and wellness services often discourages individuals from incorporating them into their routine.

4. Lack of motivation - Initial enthusiasm may fade over time without consistent encouragement or visible results.

5. Limited awareness - Misinformation or lack of knowledge about nutrition and fitness can result in poor decisions.

6.  Sedentary lifestyle - Excessive screen time and lack of physical activity can have a negative impact on fitness.

7. Poor sleep habit - Irregular or insufficient sleep disrupts the body's recovery and overall health.

8. Unrealistic goals - Setting impractical targets can lead to disappointment or giving up early.

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CONCLUSION 

Health and fitness are fundamental pillars of a fulfilling and happy life. But in today's fast-paced world, where well-being is often overlooked, prioritising physical health and mental health is not just a choice but a necessity. Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, getting adequate rest, and embracing optimism can significantly improve both mental and physical well-being. Every small step taken toward fitness brings us closer to lasting health. Ultimately, embracing a healthy lifestyle is not just a personal goal - it is a lifelong commitment to happiness, resilience and improved quality of life.

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REFERENCE 

REFERENCE:-

1. Ray & Martin, English Companion, Kolkata, 2025.

2. Dr. Emeran Mayer, The Mind Get Connection.

3. Dr. Joseph, Mukherjee, Kuila, English Digest, Prantik, Kolkata, 2025.

4. Website:- https://www.who.int

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plastic pollution

 BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that. Name:- -------- of class XI, Roll No:---- Sec: --- , Registration No :- --- has completed  his/her project file on " Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat " under my supervision. He/She has taken proper care and shown utmost sincerity in the completion of this project.

I certify that this project work is up to my expectation and as per the guidelines issued by WB.C.H.S.E

This is to certify that this project report entitled "  Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat " by --------  class:- ---- , Roll no:- ---- , Registration No :- ----- submitted during the academic year 2024-25  is a bona fide record of work done under my supervision.

Signature of the project guide with date

Name

Designation

Department

School

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project on "  Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat "  has given me an extensive scope of learning through group activities. I consider myself lucky to work under  -------- whose support made our project quite interesting. We are thankful to him.

Last but not least, I am thankful to all my friends and family members who helped me to complete the project.

Signature of the student

CONTENT 

● INTRODUCTION .

● METHOD & TECHNIQUE .

● AIM OF THE PROJECT .

● OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT.

● CONCLUSION.

● REFERENCE.

INTRODUCTION 

As per the new syllabus , project work has been included as a part of the curriculum . We have made the choice according to the availability of work. We have chosen " Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat " for out academic activity .Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles in the environment, which can harm humans, wildlife, and their habitats. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing the ability of ecosystems to adapt to climate change, directly impacting the livelihoods, food production capacity and social well-being of millions of people.

 METHOD & TECHNIQUE :- 

On the first day, we discussed some environmental issues . After many discussions and based on the availability of works we chosed " Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat "  for our project topic.

On the second and third day, we went through the text a number of times to have a better understanding of Plastic pollution , its causes and effects. 

On the fourth and fifth day, we thoroughly revised our script and made certain changes where necessary ad   submitted the final draft for evaluation.

AIM OF THE PROJECT :-

The aims and objectives are as follows:

a. A project develops deeper understanding of a particular topic. We can use our language skill in presenting the Environmental issues. 

b. A project develops imaginative faculty. We learn about the environment problems and the effects of plastic pollution .

c. It develops practical knowledge through experience. It develops communication skill and power of organisation.

d. We learn about plastic pollution and understand out dutiess to protect the plastic pollution .

OUT COME OF THE PROJECT :- 

Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat" 

Plastic pollution is the accumulation of  plastic particles and objects in the Earth’s  environment that adversely affect humans, wildlife and wildlife habitat.  Pollutants are substances that  adversely affect the health, activities or survival of a population. Every day, thousands of tons of  pollutants are discarded into the air by natural events and human actions. Far more damaging are the substances discharged into the atmosphere by human actions.  Plastics acting as pollutants can be  classified based on their sizes into three aspects  which are: micro debris plastic, mega debris plastic,  and micro debris plastic. According to, mega  plastics and micro plastics have accumulated in  highest densities in the Northern Hemisphere, which  is concentrated around the current carrying the debris, plastic can be found off the coast of some islands.  Mega-plastics and micro-plastics are normally used  in the manufacturing of packaging materials (such as  plastic bottles, plastic bags etc.), footwear and other  domestic items. These are later found being washed off of ships or discarded in landfills. Some of the  items used in fishing activities are also found around remote islands. All these are still known as microplastic, meso-plastic and macro –plastic.

■ Causes of Plastic Pollution

The proliferation of plastic pollution is influenced by various interconnected factors. Here are some key factors. 

● The mass production of plastic :- 

particularly single-use plastics, contributes significantly to pollution. The ease of production and versatility of plastic have led to its pervasive use in various industries, exacerbating the pollution problem. Insufficient waste management systems, especially in many developing countries, result in  improper disposal of plastic waste. Lack of recycling facilities, landfill space, and incineration capabilities means that a significant portion of plastic  waste ends up in oceans, rivers, and natural environments . 

● Plain Old Trash: 

Plastics are found everywhere  along the streets and roads of every cities and  towns in India making them to be untidy. The cartons of some products such as can-milk, canbeverages, can-tomatoes are lined with plastics so as to allow proper packaging. Plastic drinking  bottles, water bottles, straws and stirrers used for  soft drinks in hotels, restaurants and events centres for entertainment during conferences,  seminars, symposiums, wedding receptions, etc are  disposed/discarded littering everywhere by the  participants and invited guests ignoring the environmental consequence.

 ●  Disposing of Plastic and Garbage: 

Plastics have complex chemical composition. This makes  plastic to be durable and do not break down  easily. Plastics and resins have different  properties related to contaminant absorption and  adsorption depending on their chemical  composition. The polymer degradation takes a  long period of time due to saline environments and cooling effect of the sea. These are  contributory factors to the persistence of plastic  debris in certain environments. Findings carried  out by the marine experts have made them to  predict the rates of decomposition of different plastic products.

●  Over-utilisation of Plastics:

 This refers to  plastics being over-used. It is less expensive and  durable. These enable both the priviledged and  less priviledged people in the society to afford  patronising plastic materials/items. It is one of  the most widely available and over – used item  in the world today. When plastic is disposed/ discarded, it does not decompose easily there by  polluting the land or air nearby when burnt in the  open air. Also, plastic items that are not properly  discarded can be carried to oceans through storm  waters.

● Fishing Nets: Fishing is an agricultural activity normally practised all over the world. The commercial aspect of fishing is an economic necessity in which people consume fish for their daily survival and maintenance of good balanced  diet. The ocean has faced different problems of  plastics pollution created by the fishing industry. The nets used for large scale fishing activities are  usually made of plastic. At the initial stage, these  fishing nets become submerged in water, on  spending much time it releases toxin at will.  

■ EFFECTS OF PLASTIC POLLUTION

Plastics consist of major toxic pollutants  having the potential to cause important harm to the  environment in the form of water, land and air  pollution. Plastic is a material that is nonbiodegradable, hence it can wreak havoc on natural  environment resulting into long-term issues for animals, plants and humans. Among the effects  plastic pollution has on our environments are  groundwater pollution, upsetting of the food chain,  killings of animals, land pollution, poisonous ability,  air pollution, expensiveness.

●  Groundwater Pollution: 

Groundwater is water  that is present in rocks or unconsolidated materials below  the  Earth’s surface. Groundwater forges a link between surface water  systems and the material in Earth’s Crust According to groundwater in its natural state  tends to be relatively free of contaminant in most  areas. Because it is a widely used source of drinking water, the contamination of  groundwater can be a very serious problem. 

● It Upsets the Food Chain:

 A food chain is a linear sequence of who eats whom in an  ecosystem. Most species belong to more than one  food chain, especially when they are at a low  feeding level. An ecosystem consists of one  or more communities of organisms interacting  with one another and with the physical  environment though a flow of energy and a  cycling of materials .  According to each  species in an ecosystem has its own position in a hierarchy of feeding levels.  A key  factor in how any ecosystem functions is the  transfer of energy from one of its feeding level to another . The food chain consists of  producers, consumers and decomposers. Most of  the organism in the food chain feeds on the  plastic wastes. The plastic wastes come in  different sizes be it large or small. 

● Killings of Animals: 

The availability of plastic  wastes such as plastic bags and containers, sixring plastic can holders etc in the crannies and  nooks of the environment that are being  discarded each day has resulted in the death of  some animals such as duck, dolphins, fish, fowl,  turkey, tortoises etc in the environment when  they become trapped in them or poisoned from  the toxins released by plastics wastes.  According to   many marine organisms such as fish, turtles,  birds etc have become entangled in plastic debris  which is responsible for their deaths. 

● Land pollution:

 Plastic waste are normally  dumped in landfills. When this takes place, there  is interaction with water there by forming  hazardous chemicals. When these chemicals seep  underground, the quality of water become  degraded. Wind has contributed to plastic  pollution thereby carrying and depositing plastic  from one place to another, increasing the land  litter. The plastic wastes can also get stuck on  trees, fences, towers, poles, traffic lights, roofs  etc and the animals coming in contact with them  in the surrounding and might suffocate them leading to death. ● Poisonous Ability: 

The plastic pollution is  poisonous. Plastic pollution has the potential to  poison animals, which can then adversely affect  human food supplies. A number of toxic  chemicals are artificially used by man to produce  plastic. Generally, the use of and exposure to plastics has been linked to numerous health  concerns which is affecting people all over the world. The plastic pollution is highly detrimental to large marine mammals. It poses single greatest threat to them. Some marine species, such as sea  turtles, have been found to contain large proportions of plastics in their stomach. 

● Air Pollution:

 It is the presence of chemicals in the atmosphere in concentrations high enough to  harm organisms, ecosystem, or human made materials, or to alter climate . Today, air pollution is a global problem; areas far from the  polluting source may be adversely affected as at atmospheric, circulation moves pollutants freely  without regard to political boundaries. When plastics are burnt in the open air, landfills or  incinerators, poisonous/toxic chemicals are released thereby causing environmental pollution.

■ PREVENTION OF PLASTIC POLLUTION

The rate at which plastic waste grows in the world today is discouraging and uncalled for. These ecosystems need to  be protected from future damage and actions need to be taken to establish a world with free-plastic wastes. 

● Reuse:

 Reusability refers to the use of materials  more than once in their original form instead of  throwing away after each use. This does not  only ensure the maximum use of the material life  span but also reduces waste. Reuse has increasingly been accepted as playing a vital part  in addressing a wide range of social challenges  related to poverty, health and well-being. 

● Reduce:

 In order to reduce plastic pollution, there is need to reduce our usage of plastic. This  translates to changing our daily attitudes and  avoiding the use of plastic when there is a better  alternative to it and only using plastic when it is  seriously needed. Plastic packaging need to be avoided. 

● Recycle: 

Recycling of plastic involves collection  of plastic waste and reprocessing it into new  products, in order to reduce the amount of plastic  in the waste stream. It is known that plastic does not break down easily, so to recycle plastic mean  it is still plastic, but it can be used for another  purpose entirely. 

● Educate Businesses: 

Education is an important  solution in order to increase awareness and  behavioural/attitudinal change. People need to be  guided and advised on plastic disposal so as to  prevent the occurrence of plastic pollution. Thereis need to speak to operators/owners of local  restaurants and businesses about that the  alternatives that they can divert to for stokinr, packaging items. 

● Government Intervention: 

The lawmakers and  government need to arise and get involved in the  prevention of plastic pollution so as to create fear  in public and allow strict adherence to preventive  measures to take place. Presently, awareness and  sensitization is on-going all over the globe on  plastic pollution. 

CONCLUSION :- 

Plastics are destroying nature due to their harmful effect and plastic bags have become the main cause of land pollution today. The plastic bags entering into the water bodies are a major cause of water pollution and these are deteriorating our environment in every possible way. Plastic pollution is a complex and multifaceted issue with far-reaching ecological and health consequences. Addressing this challenge requires concerted efforts at individual, community, corporate, and governmental levels to reduce plastic consumption, improve waste management infrastructure, and promote sustainable alternatives to single-use plastics. Such actions are crucial to mitigate the detrimental impacts of plastic pollution on ecosystems, wildlife, and human population. 

REFERENCE:- 

● Paul Sujit : Environmental and Population Education , Aaheli Publication , 2023.

● Duff & Dutt : Elixir an English Companion , Tulshi Prokashani ,  Kolkata , 2024.

● Ray & Martin : English Companion , Kolkata , 2024.

● Das Dulal: Adhunik Bhugal , Book India , 2011.

● Ghosh Taranidhar : Aims English Companion , Book India , 2024.

● Google & wikipedia .

Netaji Subhas chandra Bose project

BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that. -------- of class XI, Roll No:---- Sec: --- , Registration No :- --- has completed  his/her project file on " Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose " under my supervision. He/She has taken proper care and shown utmost sincerity in the completion of this project.

I certify that this project work is up to my expectation and as per the guidelines issued by WB.C.HS.E

This is to certify that this project report entitled "  Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose " by --------  class:- ---- , Roll no:- ---- , Registration No :- ----- submitted during the academic year 2024-25  is a bona fide record of work done under my supervision.

Signature of the project guide with date

Name

Designation

Department

School

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project on " Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose "  has given me an extensive scope of learning through group activities. I consider myself lucky to work under  -------- whose support made our project quite interesting. We are thankful to him.

Last but not least, I am thankful to all my friends and family members who helped me to complete the project.

Signature of the student

CONTENT 

● INTRODUCTION .

● METHOD & TECHNIQUE .

● AIM OF THE PROJECT .

● OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT.

● CONCLUSION.

● REFERENCE.

INTRODUCTION 

As per the new syllabus , project work has been included as a part of the curriculum . We have made the choice according to the availability of work. All of us have seen many presentations floating around about eminent people like Swami Vivekananda , Rabindra Nath Tagore , Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose  etc. In this project we discuss about Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose,  an  eminent Personality of Indian history. 

METHOD & TECHNIQUE :- 

In this project, we had to find a character based on popularity and acceptance and then based on interview  or literature rivew.

On the first day, we discussed on finding such a character. later after many discussions and based on the availability of works we chosed Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose for our project topic.

On the second and third day, we went through the text a number of times to have a better understanding of his activity and role in Indian history. 

On the fourth and fifth day, we thoroughly revised our script and made certain changes where necessary ad   submitted the final draft for evaluation.

AIM OF THE PROJECT :-

The aims and objectives are as follows:

a. A project develops deeper understanding of a particular topic. We can use our language skill in presenting the eminent ersonality. 

b. A project develops imaginative faculty. We learn the personality. 

c. It develops practical knowledge through experience.

d. It develops communication skill and power of organisation.

OUT COME OF THE PROJECT :- 

SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE

Subhas Chandra Bose, popularly known as Netaji, was an outstanding leader of the Indian freedom movement and a revolutionary par excellence. He effectively took the Indian Freedom Movement beyond the frontiers of India which is perhaps a rare feat in the history of our freedom struggle. His magnificent and inspiring words 'Jai Hind', which echo in everyone's ears and ignite patriotic instincts in our heart, have truly become the national rallying call.

■ Family history and early life:- 

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack (Orissa) to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose. His father was a successful lawyer in Cuttack and received the title of "Rai Bahadur". He did his schooling at the Protestant European School (presently Stewart High School) in Cuttack, just like his siblings. He did baccalaureate from the Presidency College. He was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna after reading their works at the age of 16. He then was sent by his parents to the University of Cambridge in England to prepare for the Indian Civil Service. In 1920 he passed the civil service examination, but in April 1921, after hearing of the nationalist turmoils in India, he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India.

■ Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Congress:- 

He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement which was started by Mahatma Gandhi who made INC a powerful non-violent organization. During the movement, he was advised by Mahatma Gandhi to work with Chittaranjan Das who became his political guru. After that, he became a youth educator and commandant of the Bengal Congress volunteers. He started the newspaper 'Swaraj'. In 1927, after being released from prison, Bose became general secretary of the Congress party and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence.

In 1938 he was elected president of the Indian National Congress and formed a national planning committee, which formulated a policy of broad industrialization. However, this did not harmonize with Gandhian economic thought, which clung to the notion of cottage industries and benefiting from the use of the country's own resources. Bose's vindication came in 1939 when he defeated a Gandhian rival for reelection. Nonetheless, the "rebel president" felt bound to resign because of the lack of Gandhi's support.

■ Subhas Chandra Bose and the formation of Forward Bloc:- 

All India Forward Bloc was a left-wing nationalist political party in India that emerged as a faction within the India Congress in 1939, led by Subhas Chandra Bose. He was well known for his leftist views in Congress. The prime objective of the Froward Bloc was to bring all radical elements of the Congress party. So that he could spread the meaning of complete independence of India with adherence to the application of principles of equality and social justice.

■ Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauz:- 

An important development in the struggle for freedom during the Second World War was the formation and activities of the Azad Hind Fauj, also known as the Indian National Army or INA. Rash Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary who had escaped from India and had been living in Japan for many years, set up the Indian Independence League with the support of Indians living in the countries of south-east Asia.

When Japan defeated the British armies and occupied almost all the countries of Southeast Asia, the league formed the Indian National Army from among the Indian prisoners of war to liberate India from British rule. General Mohan Singh, who had been an officer in the British Indian army, played an important role in organizing this army.

In the meantime, Subhas Chandra Bose escaped from India in 1941 and went to Germany to work for India's Independence. In 1943, he came to Singapore to lead the Indian Independence League and rebuild the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to make it an effective instrument for the freedom of India. The Azad Hind Fauj comprised about 45,000 soldiers, among whom were Indian prisoners of war as well as Indians who were settled in various countries of southeast Asia.

On 21 October 1943, Subhas Bose, who was now popularly known as Netaji, proclaimed the formation of the provisional government of independent India (Azad Hind) in Singapore. Netaji went to the Andaman which had been occupied by the Japanese and hoisted there the flag of India. In early 1944, three units of the Azad Hind Fauj (INA) took part in the attack on the north-eastern parts of India to oust the British from India. According to Shah Nawaz Khan, one of the most prominent officers of the Azad Hind Fauj, the soldiers who had entered India laid themselves flat on the ground and passionately kissed the sacred soil of their motherland. However, the attempt to liberate India by the Azad Hind Fauj failed.

Indian women also played an important role in the activities for the freedom of India. A women's regiment of Azad Hind Fauj was formed, which was under the command of Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan. It was called the Rani Jhansi regiment. The Azad Hind Fauj became the symbol of unity and heroism to the people of India. Netaji, who had been one of the greatest leaders of India's struggle for freedom, was reported killed in an air crash a few days after Japan had surrendered.

CONCLUSION :- 

The Azad Hind Fauj was defeated in the Indian Liberation War, but its purpose was not completely fruitless. Although the liberation struggle of the Azad Hind Fauj failed, Subhash Chandra Bose and his army occupy an important place in the history of the Indian independence struggle. The patriotism, courage, organizational strength and heroic struggle of Netaji and his Azad Hind Fauj  struck a great fear in the minds of the British government.

REFERENCE:- 

● Bandhyapadhyay , Sekhar : From Plassey to Partition ,  Orient Longman , New Delhi , 2022.

● Duff & Dutt : Elixir an English Companion , Tulshi Prokashani ,  Kolkata , 2024.

● Ray & Martin : English Companion , Kolkata , 2024.

● Chowdhury Teslim : Bharater Itihas , Mitram , Kolkata , 2011.

● Google & wikipedia . 

Narration

 NARRATION :- 

1. Assertive Sentence (বর্ননা বা বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য ) 

এখানে মূলত হ্যা বা না বাচক বাক্য থাকে ।

নিয়ম:- 

a. Reporting Verb টি  past tense এ থাকলে Reported speech টিকে past tense এ করতে হবে । Linker হিসাবে that বসবে ।। 

যেমন:-  He said , " I am fine ." 

এখানে said হল Reporting verb . আর I am fine হল Reported speech । 

D:- He said ,"I am fine." --> He said that he was fine. (is পাল্টে was হল কারন আমরা একে past করলাম। ) (I পাল্টে he হল কারন Speaker অনুসারে ।)

দেখ Reported speech টির Aux দেখে আমরা বুঝব এটি কোন Tense এ আছে । লিস্ট দিলাম - 

Present 

Past 

Future

Am/is/are >>>>>>>

Was / were

have/has >>>>>>>>

had

Should/Would

<<<<<Shall/will

May/Can >>>>>>

Might/Could

এভাবে tense বুঝে past করতে হবে ।

যেমন:- Ram said,"I have a nice car." 

Ram said that he had a nice car.

2. Reporting verb টি said to থাকলে তার বদলে told বসবে ।

যেমন:- 

He said to me ," You are a very rich man." 

He told me that I was a very rich man.

He said to me "I shall go there." 

He told me that he would go there.

3. Reporting verb ও repoerted speech দুটোই past tense হলে had / had been বসিয়ে verb এর তৃতীয় সারী বসাতে হবে।

She said to me , " I was writting a letter." 

She told me that she had been written a letter. 

He said to me , " I cooked rice." 

He told me that he had cooked rice.

উপরের দুটো উদাহরনেই reporting verb ও reported speech দুটোই past এ থাকায় had বা had been বসিয়ে verb এর তৃতীয় সারী বসালাম ।

* Aux past এ থাকলে had been ও verb এর দ্বিতীয় সারী থাকায় শুধু had বসানো হয়েছে ।

4. তবে Reporing verb টি past tense এ থাকলে সবসময় যে reported speech টি past হবে তা কিন্তু নয় । যদি reported speech টি অভ্যাস (habit) বা চিরন্তন সত্য বোঝালে কিন্তু Reporting verb টি past এ থাকলেও reported speech টির tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না । 

যেমন:- 

He said to me, "Man is mortal." 

He told me that man is mortal .

Ram said to me , " The earth is round." 

Ram told me that the earth is round.

5. Reporting verb টি present অথবা Future tense এ থাকলে Reported speech টির tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না । যে tense এ আছে সেই tense এ থাকবে।

যেমন:- 

He says , I am very busy today." -> He says that he is very busy that day.

He will say , " I was cooking then." --> He will say that he was cookin then.

Interrogative Sentence (প্রশ্ন বোধক বাক্য ) 

1. প্রশ্ন বোধক বাক্যটি যদি Aux (am/is /are/ was/ were / have /has / had / shall/ will ) দিয়ে শুরু হয় তবে linker হিসাবে if বা whether বসবে কিন্তু Wh word (who/ whom / whose/ where ) দিয়ে শুরু হলে if না বসে সরাসরি wh word টি বসবে ।

2. Reported speech টি sub+aux+verb + obj গঠন অনুসারে বসাতে হবে ।

3. Reporting verb টি বদলে গিয়ে told বসবে।

যেমন:- 

He said to me , " are you fine ? " --> He told me if I were fine.

He said to me ," Who are you?" --> He asked me who I was.

Optative Sentence (ইচ্ছাসূচক বাক্য ) 

optative sentence টি সাধারনত May দিয়ে শুরু হবে । 

1. Reported speech টি ইচ্ছা বোঝালে Reporting verb টি বদলে গিয়ে wish বসবে । আর প্রার্থনা বোঝালে pray বসবে । Linker হিসাবে that বসবে । 

2. Reported speech টি sub+ Aux+ Verb + Obj গঠন অনুসারে বসবে ।

যেমন :- 

He said to me ," May you be rich." --> He wished that I might be rich. 

He said to me , "May god bless you." --> He prayed that God might bless me. 

(মনে রাখবে লাইনে God কথাটা থাকলে প্রার্থনা হবে আর না থাকলে ইচ্ছা ধরব।)

Imperative Sentence (অনুজ্ঞা সূচক বাক্য ) 

1. Reported speech টি আদেশ / উপদেশ / অনুরোধ / নিষেধ যেমন বোঝাবে সেই অনুসারে Reporting verb টি বদলে গিয়ে order / advice / request / forbid বসাতে হবে । 

2. Linker হিসাবে to বসবে । 

যেমন :- 

He said to me , "Obey your parents ." --> He adviced me to obey my parents.

He said to me , " Dont run in the sun." --> He forbid me to run in the sun .

He said to me , " please go there." --> He requested me to go there.

* ভালো করে দেখ  Imperative sentence টি কিন্তু verb দিয়ে শুরু হয়েছে ।

* Imperative এর হ্মেত্রে কিন্তু Assertive এর যে tense বদলানোর নিয়ম আছে তা কিন্তু মানা হয়নি।

Exclaimetoty Sentence (বিষ্ময় বোধক বাক্য ) 

1. বিষ্ময় বোধক বাক্যে দুঃখ বোঝালে Reporting verb টি বদলে গিয়ে Exclaimed with sorrow , আনন্দ বোঝালে Exclamed with Joy বা বিষ্ময় বোঝালে Exclaimed with surprise বসবে ।

2. Linker হিসাবে that বসবে ।

3. বিষ্ময় বোধক বাক্যে what / how থাকলে very বসবে । 

যেমন:- He said to me , "Hurrah  we have won ." (আনন্দ ) 

He excaimed with joy that they had won.

He said to me , "Alas the king is dead." (দুঃখ) 

He excaimed with sorrow that the king was dead.

He said to me , " What is a big tiger. " (বিষ্ময়)

He excaimed with surprise that the tiger is very big. (s+Aux+V+ obj)

fictitious interview of an eminent personality entitled face to face with Virat Kohli

 A PROJECT REPORT ON
 A fictitious interview of an eminent personality
entitled
face to face with Virat Kohli 
(Ex Captain of Indian cricket team)

---------------------------------------------------------------------

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project report entitled "A fictitious interview of some eminent personality Virat Kohli" by:-  ---------, Class:------, Roll:- ------ Registration number :- --'----- submitted during the academic year 2024-25 is a Bonafide record of work done under my supervision.

Signature of the project guide with date

Name:-----------------------

Designation:- -----------------

Department:- -----------------

School:- ---------------------

-----------------------------------------------

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project "A fictitious interview of some evident personality Virat Kohli" had given me an extensive scope of learning through group activities. I consider myself lucky to work under whose support made our project quite interesting. We are thankful to him.

Last but not least i am thankful to all my friends and family members who helped me to complete the project.

-----------------

Signature of the student

----------------------------------------------

CONTENTS

 * introduction

* Aim of the Project

* methods and techniques

* outcome of the project

* Limitation 

* conclusion

* references

-----------------------------------------------

INTRODUCTION 

As per the new syllabus project work has been include as a part of the curriculum. We have made the choice according to the availability of works. An interview is a conversation between two or more people where questions are asked by the interviewer to bring out facts or statements from the interviewee. Interviews are a standard part of journalism and media reporting, but are also employed in many other situations, including qualitative research.

-----------------------------------------------

AIM OF THE PROJECT

The aim of the projects is ---

(i) Understand how to conduct an interview session.

(ii) Develop our communication skill.

(iii) Learn how to behave in a formal situation.

(iv)  Understand the nature of work of the personality.

(v) Learn how to prepare relevant questions and prepare them.

(vi) Try to find out the questions with which the personality would be romat comfortable with.

----------------------------------------------

METHODS  AND TECHNIQES

In this project, we had to find a character based on popularity and accep- tance and then based on some interviews taken earlier we had to prepare this fictitious interview.

On the first day, we discussed on finding such a character.  later after many discussions and based on the availability of works we  chosed  Mr Virat Kohli  to be interviewed.

On the second and third day, we went through the text a number of times to have a better understanding of his words.  Then we prepared the questions that can be asked. We chose C. Rajashekara: Virat Kohli: Reliable Rebel, 2015 and  Bhattacharya Avirup: Winning like Virat: Thinking & succeed like Kohli, 2017. books.

On the fourth and fifth day, we prepared the answers.  checked it thorough so that there is no misinterpretation.

On the sixth and seventh day, we  thoroughly revised our script and made certain changes where necessary.

Eighth and Ninth Day we rehearsed the interview session based on this particular script.

On the tenth day, we conducted an interview session. submitted the final draft for evaluation.

-----------------------------------------------

OUTCAME OF THE PROJECTS

Right now, tonight's interview season, we have got with us Mr. Virat Kohli, the ex captain of Indian cricket team.

I:- Good evening, Mr Kohli. Welcome to our show. Sir, it's been a matter of great joy to have you here with me.

Kohli:- Thank you very much.

I:- You are the most successful Indian cricketer in recent times. Life has changed quite a lot, hasn't it?

Kohli: Yes, it has. Especially in the last two years. I'm just settling in now. Earlier, it was very difficult for me to think of not going home in between a series, not getting to spend time at home. But now, I sort of got used to it and my family has started to understand all these things much better. I know it's going to be hectic now, but it's a good change (smiles).

I:- How do you balance cricket and the commitments off the field?

Kohli :- I am very professional in what I do in cricket. Earlier, I used to waste a lot of time on shoots just joking around. Now my priority is to come on time, do the best I can, make the people with whom I have commitments happy and be a total professional on that front, too.

I:- Has coming in at number 3 in ODIs helped you?

Kohli: - Yeah, it has. Early on, when I used to play down the order, I used to think I might not get many opportunities. I always wanted to be the best in every innings I played. I want to be the best when I go out to play for India that has always been my aim. But, obviously, you don't get to do that when you are batting at a position where you don't get many overs to play.

I:- Did anyone have to pull you into line in your early career?

Kohli:- There was my coach, Rajkumar Sharma, who was always looking at things from the outside and he understood me the most, after my family, because I had interacted him so much over the years. My family as well. Every time they felt like I was not on the right path they told me. But my coach was the one that was very stern with me. If I was doing something wrong he would make sure that he got that across, one way or the other. He was the only person I was scared of when I was growing up. I went into his academy when I was nine and even now I still speak to him about my game.

I:-How would you characterise your captaincy?

Kohli- I think every captain flushes in the mindset that he has himself to his team and I've always played my cricket with positivity. When I do well or i don't do well, it's not about thinking twice, only going forward. Results are a bi-product of that mindset. I believe in giving total freedom to the guys to go out there and play the way they want to, and to be fearless. You can make mistakes by being positive, lack of execution is fine, but hesitation is something that I cannot relate to myself so I would never want the players to play that way.

I:- What have been the biggest challenges during your time as captain?

Kohli- Not many. I've really enjoyed myself so far. I just wanted to play cricket at this level and now I've been given such an honour to captain my country, I cannot complain at all. It allows me to set the right example and work hard, so I can expect my teammates to work as hard. It has only helped me grow as a person and make me understand the game better and what needs to be done at different points of the game, or in life in general. You learn so many things about what are controllables, what are not controllables, respecting losses and working hard towards victory. When decision-making is on you, you need to be very aware of what you are doing and that makes you aware as a person in general.

I:- You are batting at number 4 in Tests, which used to be Sachin Tendulkar's position. Everybody believes you could well be the one to surpass Sachin's record, in ODIs at least.

Kohli:- (Laughs) He played 200 Test matches. In this day and age, it's impossible to play 200 Tests. He started when he was 16; I started playing Tests when I was 22. There is nothing to compare. This is a person I have idolised. I've been lucky to play with him, so I don't feel the pressure of those comparisons. I know what he has done to be there. When you haven't played with someone and then people compare you [with him), then you get that weird feeling. But knowing [Sachin), I know where I stand and I know where he is.

I:- You have shared the dressing room with quite a few greats. Has Sachin's influence been the biggest?

Kohli:- Sachin's influence has been absolutely immense. I have had the highest regard for all those senior cricketers who have done so well for the country but I haven't idolised any of them. I have utmost respect for Rahul Dravid, V.V.S. Laxman, Sourav Ganguly, Virender Sehwag, Gautam Gambhir all these guys have won games, but I haven't idolised any of them, to be honest.

I:- Are you still a work in progress?

Kohli:- You never stop learning. That's one thing I have learnt from the great man himself. If you are playing international cricket, you might have one good season playing a particular way. But other teams will sort you out leventually). They will know your strengths and will come up with plans when you play them next time.

I:- How do you prepare for a series, especially an away series such as in South Africa?

Kohli:- My strength is never to bat for hours in the nets. My strength is to bat for some time in the nets and work more on visualisation. For South Africa, I visualised scoring a Test hundred every day of the three months before the tour. Whenever I was training, I pushed myself, told myself that you are going to go from 80 to 100 or 100 to 150. I used to push myself like that even while on the treadmill or doing my fitness training.

I:- How difficult is it when, despite having a player at his peak, the team fails to win matches?

Kohli: Well, you cannot control the results. I like to focus on the next game I have to play.

I:- How do you relax outside of cricket?

Kohli:- We really enjoy our time when we come to other countries. We get to walk around and that's very liberating, to be able to enjoy normal stuff like going out for breakfast or to coffee shops, because we don't walk at all back home - it's only getting out of our house, into our car and going wherever we want to go, then back into our car to go home. We love pets, so if we see dogs around we play with them. We can literally do whatever we want in terms of buying things or having something but to be able to enjoy and be grateful about life every day is something that we take very seriously.

I:- Say about M.S Dhoni.

Kohli :- MS Dhoni is the man who gave me the opportunity to open the innings first time in my career, I can't explain the respect I have for him in words. For me, he will always be 'My Captain' because I started my career under him. There has never been a moment that I want to get up there, or I don't want anyone to give their advice. For me, If I trust someone, believe in someone, I would do anything for them.

I:- Thank you very much sir. Have a great day.

Kohli:- Thank you.

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 LIMITATION

(i) The duration for the entire project was only ten periods.

(ii) We don't know much about now to conduct an interview session.

(iii) Before this project, we didn't have much idea about interview sesвито our notion about this particular genre was very limited.

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CONCLUSION

Our project was duly completed within the given time limit. After completing the project, we have learnt how to conduct an interview season. This project would be an introduction to our learning. Learners will get to know how to take an interview. This project will help the learners to improve their body language. They can easily face an eminent personality here after.

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REFERENCE

1. C. Rajashekara: Virat Kohli: Reliable Rebel, 2015.

2. Bhattacharya Avirup: Winning like Virat: Thinking & succeed like Kohli, 2017.

3. Sasmal Dilip K : Higher secondary English Success, Kolkata, 2018.

4. Website: Google, Wikipedia.

Tense

 * Tense (কাল ) কী ? 

Tense denotes the time of performing a verb . [ ক্রিয়া সম্পন্ন হওয়ার সময়কে Tense বলে । ] আরো সহজভাবে বললে, কোনো  Verb এর কাজ কখন সংঘটিত  হয়, হয়েছিল বা হবে বুঝানোর জন্য Verb যে ভিন্ন ভিন্ন রূপ হয় তাকে Tense বলে। 

* ইংরেজিতে Tense প্রধানত তিনটি ।

a)  Present Tense [ বর্তমান কাল ] 

b) Past Tense [ অতীত কাল ] 

c) Future Tense [ ভবিষ্যৎ কাল ]

1. Present Tense বা বর্তমান কাল

যে কাজ বর্তমান সময়কে নির্দেশ করে তখন তাকে Present Tense বলে।

যেমন :-                                  I go to school.

He is going to school.

We are going to school.

Rahim is driving a car.

Present Tense কে আবার চার ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়েছে:

Present Indefinite Tense

Present Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

১. Present Indefinite Tense: বর্তমানে যে কাজ হয়ে থাকে, কিন্তু কাজটির সমাপ্তি বা অসমাপ্তি কোনোটাই নির্দেশ করে না অর্থাৎ অনির্দিষ্ট থাকে তখন তাকে Present Indefinite Tense বলা হয়। আরো সহজ ভাবে বললে, বর্তমানের কোনো কাজ, ঘটনা, চিরন্তন সত্য, নিকট ভবিষ্যৎ, অভ্যাস বা প্রকৃতি বুঝালে তখন তাকে Present Indefinite Tense বলা হয়।

Structure:

Affirmative Sentence:. 

   Sub +V¹+ Obj

He/She/Ram +(V+es/s) Obj

Negative Sentence:

 Sub + do/does + not + Verb¹ + Obj

যেমন:

I write. Rahim drives. I do not write. Rahim does not Drive. The sun sets in the west.  The sun rises in the east.

২. Present Continuous Tense: কোনো কাজ বর্তমানে চলছে বা হচ্ছে, এখনো শেষ হয়নি এরূপ বুঝালে Verb এর Present Continuous Tense হয়।

Structure:

Affirmative Sentence:

 Sub + am/is/are + (Verb+ing) + Extension.

Negative Sentence: 

Sub + am/ is/ are + not +( Verb+ing).+ Extension.

যেমন: I am going to school. Karim is going to school. I’m not going to school. He is not going to school. Karim is driving a car. Rahima is singing a song.

৩. Present Perfect Tense: কোনো কাজ এইমাত্র শেষ হয়েছে, কিন্তু তার ফলাফল এখনও বিদ্যমান, এরূপ বুঝালে তাকে Present Perfect Tense বলে।

Structure:

Affirmative Sentence: Sub + have/ has + V³ + Extension.

Negative Sentence: Sub + have not/ has not + V³ + Extension.

যেমন: Karim has finished the work. I have read this story many times. Karim has not finished the work. They have not written.

৪. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: যে কাজ পূর্বে বা অতীতকালে শুরু হয়ে বর্তমানেও চলছে, এরুপ বুঝালে তাকে Present Perfect Continuous Tense বলা হয়।

Structure: Sub  + has been/ have been + (Verb+ing) + Extension.

যেমন: Karim has been waiting for 2 hours. Rahima has been sleeping for 4 hours. How long have you been living in this town? I have been learning English since I was twelve.

2. PAST TENSE (অতীত কাল)

যে কাজ অতীত সময়কে নির্দেশ করে তখন তাকে Past Tense বা অতীত কাল বলে।

Past Tense কে আবার চার ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়েছে:

Past Indefinite Tense

Past Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

১. Past Indefinite Tense: কোনো কাজ অতীতকলে সম্পন্ন হয়েছিলো এরুপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Past Indefinite Tense বলা হয়।

Structure:

Affirmative Sentence: 

Sub + V²+ Extension.

Negative SEntence: 

Sub + did not + V¹ + Extension.

যেমন: Rahim went to school. Kabir wrote this story. They did not go to school. The man died yesterday. Kohinoor went to Mexico last year.

২. Past Continuous Tense: অতীতকালে কোনো কাজ চলছিলো এরুপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Past Continuous Tense বলে।

Structure:

Affirmative Sentence: 

Sub + was / were +(Verb+ing)+ Extension.

Negative Sentence: 

Sub + was not / were not + (Verb+ing)+ Extension.

যেমন: I was going to school. Shamim was watching Television. We were not going to work. She was not driving the car.

৩. Past Perfect Tense: অতীতে দুইটি কাজ সংঘটিত হলে, যে কাজটি পূর্বে বা আগে সংঘটিত হয়েছিল সেটি Verb এর Past Perfect Tense হয়, আর যে কাজটি পরে সংঘটিত হয় সেটি Past Indefinite Tense হয়।

Structure:

Subject + had + V³+ before + Subject + V²

Subject +V²+ After + Subject + had + V³

যেমন: I had bought a watch before you came here. Karim had reached the station before the train left. I reached the station after the train had left. The patient had died before the doctor came. The patient died after the doctor had come.

৪. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: অতীতকালে কোনো কাজ শুরু হয়ে কিছুক্ষণ যাবৎ চলছিল এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Past Perfect Continuous Tense বলে। যদি Past Perfect Continuous Tense এ দুটি কাজের উল্লেখ তাকে, তাহলে তার মধ্যে যে কাজটি পূর্বে বা আগে থেকে চলছিল সেটি Past Perfect Continuous Tense এ হবে এবং যেটি পরে সম্পন্ন হয় সেটি Past Indefinite Tense হয়।

Structure:

Sub + had been + Verb+ ing + Extension

যেমন: It had been raining since Monday. I had been waiting for two hours. Khadija had been listening to the song for an hour.

3. Future Tense (ভবিষ্যত কাল)

যে কাজ ভবিষ্যত সময়কে নির্দেশ করে তখন তাকে Future Tense বলে।

Future Tense কে আবার চার ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়েছে:

Future Indefinite Tense

Future Continuous Tense

Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

১. Future Indefinite Tense: ভবিষ্যত কালে কোনো কাজ সংঘটিত হবে এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Future Indefinite Tense বলা হয়।

Structure:

Affirmative Sentence:

 Sub + Shall / Will + V¹+ Extension

Negative Sentence: 

Sub + Shall not / Will not + V¹ + Extension

যেমন: I will come back. We will visit Cox’s Bazar. Rahman shall move to another city. Karim will come to New York tomorrow.

২. Future Continuous Tense: ভবিষ্যতে কোনো কাজ শুরু হয়ে কিছু সময় ধরে চলতে থাকবে, এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Future Continuous Tense বলা হয়।

Structure:

Affirmative Sentence: 

Sub + Shall be / will be + Verb +ing + Extension

Negative Sentence: 

Sub + Shall not be / Will not be + Verb +ing + Extension

যেমন:  Jannat will be reading a story. We will be playing at this time tomorrow. Salman will be watching TV when I come home.

৩. Future Perfect Tense: ভবিষ্যতকালে কোনো নির্দিষ্ট সময়ে কোনো কাজ সম্পন্ন হয়ে থাকবে, এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Future Perfect Tense বলা হয়।

Structure: 

Sub + Shall have / Will have + V³+ Extension

যেমন:  Shamim will have come before Kabir comes. I shall have completed the assignment by Sunday. Ayesha will have submitted the letter by tomorrow.

৪. Future Perfect Continuous Tense: ভবিষ্যতকালে দুইটি কাজের মধ্যে যে কাজটি আগে সম্পন্ন হবে এবং দীর্ঘসময় ধরে চলতে থাকবে, এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Future Perfect Continuous Tense বলা হয়। এবং অপর কাজটি হবে Present Indefinite Tense.

Structure:

 Sub + Shall have been / Will have been +  Verb + ing + Extension.

যেমন:  We shall have been waiting for two hours. Robin will have been waiting before Shakib comes. Karim will have been exercising for an hour at 2:00.

Extension of a story

 Page:-2

Project Work 

on

Extension of a story 

Jimmy Valentine

- O Henry

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Page:-3

Acknowledgement 

 This project has given me golden opportunity for learning through and self development collaborative activities . I want to thank respected Mr. ____________ to whom I owe specially for preparing this project based on the beautiful story , entitled 'Jimmy Valentine' written by O Henry.

I am also greatful to all my friends who took part in the group discussion and helped me in the shaping of this project.

Signature of the student

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Page:- 4

CERTIFICATE 

This is to certify that this Project Report entitled Extension of a story  short story  'Jimmy Valentine' prepared by __________, Class:-  XI Roll :- ______, Registration No:- _____, Year 2022-23 submitted in partial fulfillment to class XI English Course during the academic year 2022-23 is a bonafide record of project work carried out under my guidance and supervision . 

 Signature of the Project Guide

____________________

Name:-

Designation:-

Department:-

School:-

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Page:-5

CONTENTS

* Acknowledgement.

* Certificate.

* Introduction.

* Procedures & Input.

* Output of the Project.

* Conclusion.

* References.

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Page:-6

Introduction

As per the new syllabus , Project work has been included as a part of the curriculum . 

objectives:-

The main objectives of our project work are -

( i ) We will be able to dovelop our creative imagination . 

( ii ) We learn how to extend a story following the end of particular story as the beginning . 

( iii ) We learn how to portray different characters and to arrange events coherently . 

( iv ) We learn how experience can be transformed to art .

Guiding Principle:- 

( i ) Creative Imagination is of course very crucial in the extension of the story . 

( ii ) Reading habit helps one to extend the story because rich experience is conducive to this kind of project work . 

( iii ) Character portrayal is very important . A flat character may become a round one in keeping with the events of the story . 

( iv ) Rearrangement of the sequence of events may be needed to establish unity with the new end .

 ( v ) The story which has been an extended one must end meaningfully . 

 Limitations:-

 ( i ) Time for the whole project work is limited .

 ( ii ) We have not read many stories written in English .

 ( II ) At times we lack expressions because English is not our mother tongue . 

( iv ) The structures of the short story are not known to us quite clearly .

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Page:-7

Procedures & Input.

 For the Extension of a story of O Henry's short story  'Jimmy Valentine'  we worked in groups and sometimes in pairs through a systematic process . Our teacher fixed 10 interventions for completing the project . The details of our activities are enumerated below : 

First intervention : On the first day , we discussed some of the stories . Then we minutely listened to all the stories and selected O Henry's short story  'Jimmy Valentine'.

Second intervention : On the second day , our teacher taught us different aspects of Indian society and culture . 

Third invention : On the third day , we tried to locate the differences of the story from the original . 

Fourth intervention : On the fourth day , we started to change the story so that it looks different . 

Fifth intervention : On the fifth day , we prepared the draft of our extension story .Then we read out our manuscripts . 

Sixth intervention : On the sixth day , we selected the best manuscript . Then we worked together for its further betterment .

 Seventh intervention : On the seventh day , we prepared the final manuscript .Then we read out the manuscript in the presence of our teacher .

Eighth intervention : On the eighth day , the photocopies of the final manuscript were distributed among the students for review . 

Ninth intervention : On the ninth day , each group read out their reviews before of the class . 

Tenth intervention : Students shared their experience with the teacher . The project report was submitted for evaluation and assessment .

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Output of the Project.

O. Henry's story ' Alias Jimmy Valentine ' speaks us about the tale of a safe - cracker Jimmy Valentine who has recently been freed from prison . He skillfully watches out a town bank at Elmore as he wants to rob it later on . But as the fortune smiles , he walks up to the door and his eye meets that of the banker's beautiful daughter Annabel . He invariably falls in love with Annabel and decides to give up his criminal career for good . Jimmy takes up the identity of Ralph Spencer , a shoe - maker . Jimmy was planning to hand over his safe - cracking instruments to one of his old associates . At this juncture when Mr Adams , Annabel's father , was showing him his new vault , an accident came to light . A child fell arrested within the vault . There was every possibility that the little child might die as there was very little air within it . Annabel fell on Jimmy's bosom and begged the life of her sister's daughter . Jimmy was aware of the possibility of being traced out as the safe - cracker in case he displays his old skill . But Jimmy didn't ponder much about the consequence ; he immediately started his work and within a few minutes broke the vault and freed the innocent girl from within few minutes.

Jimmy could then note out Ben Price , the detective getting ready to arrest him , sadly smiled at him and told him to take him wherever he wishes as he thinks that makes little difference to his prospect . But to the endless surprise of Jimmy , Ben Price declared not to recognise him allowing Jimmy to settle down in his new identity . 

Where are you going Ralph ? Look at me . I'm your Annabel . 

" Jimmy didn't stop yet and continued to move on his then caught him by hands and gave him a strong jerk . " Are you in your sense , Ralph ? Why are you going away from me ? Are you OK ? Please speak , do speak my Ralph , " Annabel said .

 " Don't you catch what my real identity is ? " Jimmy said . you must know my past . Do you know I'm a safe - cracker ? I got into prison several times for cracking safes . I came to your town for looting out your bank . And then I fell in love with you . But believe me . I love you more than myself . I can't cheat you . Please marry someone else and be happy . Leave me alone , " Jimmy said . 

I am not all that selfish woman . You possibly have no faith in my love . Ralph , whatever you may be in the past you are my love , my dream , my existence . I cannot think even a bit of my life without you . I still believe , my Ralph can't do anything wrong . You are like an angel . " Annabel embraced Jim with her eyes filled with tears .

 Meanwhile Mr. Adams and the mother of the rescued child came to the spot and saw the two arrested in each other's arms . " Who this man Ralph Spencer might be ? He may be that safe - cracker about whom I was made alert by the police . May be he has saved the life of the baby but still I can't accept a criminal as my son - in - law . Anyway , let us interrogate this Spencer . I can't just let it proceed farther .

 I may not hand this man over to police but at the same time I must make sure that this relationship doesn't proceed any more . " " Who are you Spencer ? Speak out who you are actually . I have doubts in my mind about your true identity . Can you prove that you are in reality a gentleman of a good origin ? Come on , speak out Ralph , " Mr. Adams went on speaking .

 " Oh my father whom are you accusing ? Is he not an angel ? Did he not save your granddaughter's life ? Father , don't for heaven's sake accuse a man without understanding his immense value . I simply love Ralph and whoever he may be , he is the man I love . I don't just care if you accept him or not , but for sure I'm going to marry Ralph at the earliest . No force in this world can obstruct or delay our marriage . " 

" Oh dear , listen to me . I'm not possibly the right man you are going to tie your knot . May be your father has spoken the right thing . I don't deserve you with so much darkness behind . You are the infinite source of light . You have a dazzling future that awaits you out . Why are you wasting your life for me , a safe - cracker , a man having criminal record . Oh dear listen to me . Please marry someone your father chooses . I'll have you in the deepest corner of my mind , " said Jimmy being emotionally charged up . Annabel started crying in public . 

Mr. Adams got even more resolute about his decision . He told Jimmy to leave out the place as early as possible . He also claimed that his daughter would very soon detect out her mistake and come to realize the difference between fancy and reality . He , however , expressed his gratitude to Jimmy for saving an innocent baby's life . 

" Hello Ralph , listen to me . May be my daughter is doing the mistake but you should correct her . You love her , don't you ? So to give her a healthy life , you should leave the place as early as possible without letting the matter proceed . " 

" Please have faith on me . I'll go away to a distant place - a place where neither you nor Annabel will be able to track me out . But believe me , whatever it may turn out to be I love your daughter possibly more than anybody in this world and I can do anything for her , even if that costs my life , it's better , " Jimmy said .

 " That sounds like a man , " said Mr. Adams . Jimmy went back to his residence at Elmore pondering as to when to leave out the place . Mr. Adams , Annabel and her sister all went to their residence .

Jimmy met Mr. Adams the next day and begged his daughter's hand for him , a proposal to which Mr. Adams , after a night's serious thinking , agreed . Jim and Annabel got married to each other on the fixed day . They started living a happy conjugal life thereafter . Jimmy settled at Elmore with his shoe business flourishing day by day . Annabel was helping Jimmy in every possible way in his business . In this way two years passed . Annabel gave birth to a male child . They named him Tim . Tim looked like a blossomy flower . Jim and Annabel had to spend a lot of time to take care of the baby . Everything was going well . 

But then something alarming came to light . A rival businessman of Jimmy was trying to destroy him . He was airing all rubbish about Jimmy , about his past and even made contacts with the local hooligans to drive Jimmy out . The name of this rival businessman was Robert Franklin . 

One day he came to the shop of Jimmy along with some hooligans and threatened to kill him if he had not closed down his shop . Jimmy got furious but anticipating the danger got subdued and for the time being promised to do accordingly . As soon as Robert Franklin left Jimmy went to Mr. Adams along with his wife Annabel . They discussed the matter to the police station . The police officer knew Robert . And he promised Mr. Adams , who was a local business magnet , that he would within a day or two arrest Robert . But as long as Robert was not arrested he offered police protection to Jim . However , within twenty - four hours Robert was arrested . And Jimmy and Annabel breathed a sigh of relief . Jimmy had his old association but he promised not to contact them ever in his life . So , he informed the local people about the hooliganism of Robert . All the people assured him of his safety . After the arrest of Robert , two - three years went on smoothly . And Jim turned out to be a business magnet.

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Conclusion

The project we undertook was completed within scheduled time limit . After completing the project we have learnt the following :

 ( i ) How to transform a story into a extended one . 

( ii ) How to make the play lively by adding suitable dialogues .

 ( iii ) The utility of stage performance in learning the target language . 

( iv ) How to enjoy group work .

 ( v ) How to develop essential skills such as collaboration , communication , and critical thinking . 

( vi ) How to use language in context.

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References

1. Zenith Roy& Manas Chattopadhyay, Higher Secondary English Guide,Kolkata,2017.

2. Chakraborty & Chakraborty, Higher Secondary English Digest, Kolkata,2017.

3. Dr. P.C Dhar & P.K Ray, Smart English, Kolkata,2015.

4. W.B.C.H.S.E Text Book.

5. A. S Hornby, Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Eight Edition, 2010.