Project for class xi - xii
1. Netaji Subhash ch Bose Click here
2. Plastic Pollution Click Here
3. Interview Virat Kohli Click Here
4. Indianization Selfish Gient Click Here
5. Extention of a story Click here
6. Theaterical Script
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| VIVEKANANDA OACHING CENTRE |
BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that. Name:- -------- of class XI, Roll No:---- Sec: --- , Registration No :- --- has completed his/her project file on " Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat " under my supervision. He/She has taken proper care and shown utmost sincerity in the completion of this project.
I certify that this project work is up to my expectation and as per the guidelines issued by WB.C.H.S.E
This is to certify that this project report entitled " Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat " by -------- class:- ---- , Roll no:- ---- , Registration No :- ----- submitted during the academic year 2024-25 is a bona fide record of work done under my supervision.
Signature of the project guide with date
Name
Designation
Department
School
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project on " Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat " has given me an extensive scope of learning through group activities. I consider myself lucky to work under -------- whose support made our project quite interesting. We are thankful to him.
Last but not least, I am thankful to all my friends and family members who helped me to complete the project.
Signature of the student
CONTENT
● INTRODUCTION .
● METHOD & TECHNIQUE .
● AIM OF THE PROJECT .
● OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT.
● CONCLUSION.
● REFERENCE.
INTRODUCTION
As per the new syllabus , project work has been included as a part of the curriculum . We have made the choice according to the availability of work. We have chosen " Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat " for out academic activity .Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles in the environment, which can harm humans, wildlife, and their habitats. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing the ability of ecosystems to adapt to climate change, directly impacting the livelihoods, food production capacity and social well-being of millions of people.
METHOD & TECHNIQUE :-
On the first day, we discussed some environmental issues . After many discussions and based on the availability of works we chosed " Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat " for our project topic.
On the second and third day, we went through the text a number of times to have a better understanding of Plastic pollution , its causes and effects.
On the fourth and fifth day, we thoroughly revised our script and made certain changes where necessary ad submitted the final draft for evaluation.
AIM OF THE PROJECT :-
The aims and objectives are as follows:
a. A project develops deeper understanding of a particular topic. We can use our language skill in presenting the Environmental issues.
b. A project develops imaginative faculty. We learn about the environment problems and the effects of plastic pollution .
c. It develops practical knowledge through experience. It develops communication skill and power of organisation.
d. We learn about plastic pollution and understand out dutiess to protect the plastic pollution .
OUT COME OF THE PROJECT :-
Plastic Pollution: A Rising Global Threat"
Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic particles and objects in the Earth’s environment that adversely affect humans, wildlife and wildlife habitat. Pollutants are substances that adversely affect the health, activities or survival of a population. Every day, thousands of tons of pollutants are discarded into the air by natural events and human actions. Far more damaging are the substances discharged into the atmosphere by human actions. Plastics acting as pollutants can be classified based on their sizes into three aspects which are: micro debris plastic, mega debris plastic, and micro debris plastic. According to, mega plastics and micro plastics have accumulated in highest densities in the Northern Hemisphere, which is concentrated around the current carrying the debris, plastic can be found off the coast of some islands. Mega-plastics and micro-plastics are normally used in the manufacturing of packaging materials (such as plastic bottles, plastic bags etc.), footwear and other domestic items. These are later found being washed off of ships or discarded in landfills. Some of the items used in fishing activities are also found around remote islands. All these are still known as microplastic, meso-plastic and macro –plastic.
■ Causes of Plastic Pollution
The proliferation of plastic pollution is influenced by various interconnected factors. Here are some key factors.
● The mass production of plastic :-
particularly single-use plastics, contributes significantly to pollution. The ease of production and versatility of plastic have led to its pervasive use in various industries, exacerbating the pollution problem. Insufficient waste management systems, especially in many developing countries, result in improper disposal of plastic waste. Lack of recycling facilities, landfill space, and incineration capabilities means that a significant portion of plastic waste ends up in oceans, rivers, and natural environments .
● Plain Old Trash:
Plastics are found everywhere along the streets and roads of every cities and towns in India making them to be untidy. The cartons of some products such as can-milk, canbeverages, can-tomatoes are lined with plastics so as to allow proper packaging. Plastic drinking bottles, water bottles, straws and stirrers used for soft drinks in hotels, restaurants and events centres for entertainment during conferences, seminars, symposiums, wedding receptions, etc are disposed/discarded littering everywhere by the participants and invited guests ignoring the environmental consequence.
● Disposing of Plastic and Garbage:
Plastics have complex chemical composition. This makes plastic to be durable and do not break down easily. Plastics and resins have different properties related to contaminant absorption and adsorption depending on their chemical composition. The polymer degradation takes a long period of time due to saline environments and cooling effect of the sea. These are contributory factors to the persistence of plastic debris in certain environments. Findings carried out by the marine experts have made them to predict the rates of decomposition of different plastic products.
● Over-utilisation of Plastics:
This refers to plastics being over-used. It is less expensive and durable. These enable both the priviledged and less priviledged people in the society to afford patronising plastic materials/items. It is one of the most widely available and over – used item in the world today. When plastic is disposed/ discarded, it does not decompose easily there by polluting the land or air nearby when burnt in the open air. Also, plastic items that are not properly discarded can be carried to oceans through storm waters.
● Fishing Nets: Fishing is an agricultural activity normally practised all over the world. The commercial aspect of fishing is an economic necessity in which people consume fish for their daily survival and maintenance of good balanced diet. The ocean has faced different problems of plastics pollution created by the fishing industry. The nets used for large scale fishing activities are usually made of plastic. At the initial stage, these fishing nets become submerged in water, on spending much time it releases toxin at will.
■ EFFECTS OF PLASTIC POLLUTION
Plastics consist of major toxic pollutants having the potential to cause important harm to the environment in the form of water, land and air pollution. Plastic is a material that is nonbiodegradable, hence it can wreak havoc on natural environment resulting into long-term issues for animals, plants and humans. Among the effects plastic pollution has on our environments are groundwater pollution, upsetting of the food chain, killings of animals, land pollution, poisonous ability, air pollution, expensiveness.
● Groundwater Pollution:
Groundwater is water that is present in rocks or unconsolidated materials below the Earth’s surface. Groundwater forges a link between surface water systems and the material in Earth’s Crust According to groundwater in its natural state tends to be relatively free of contaminant in most areas. Because it is a widely used source of drinking water, the contamination of groundwater can be a very serious problem.
● It Upsets the Food Chain:
A food chain is a linear sequence of who eats whom in an ecosystem. Most species belong to more than one food chain, especially when they are at a low feeding level. An ecosystem consists of one or more communities of organisms interacting with one another and with the physical environment though a flow of energy and a cycling of materials . According to each species in an ecosystem has its own position in a hierarchy of feeding levels. A key factor in how any ecosystem functions is the transfer of energy from one of its feeding level to another . The food chain consists of producers, consumers and decomposers. Most of the organism in the food chain feeds on the plastic wastes. The plastic wastes come in different sizes be it large or small.
● Killings of Animals:
The availability of plastic wastes such as plastic bags and containers, sixring plastic can holders etc in the crannies and nooks of the environment that are being discarded each day has resulted in the death of some animals such as duck, dolphins, fish, fowl, turkey, tortoises etc in the environment when they become trapped in them or poisoned from the toxins released by plastics wastes. According to many marine organisms such as fish, turtles, birds etc have become entangled in plastic debris which is responsible for their deaths.
● Land pollution:
Plastic waste are normally dumped in landfills. When this takes place, there is interaction with water there by forming hazardous chemicals. When these chemicals seep underground, the quality of water become degraded. Wind has contributed to plastic pollution thereby carrying and depositing plastic from one place to another, increasing the land litter. The plastic wastes can also get stuck on trees, fences, towers, poles, traffic lights, roofs etc and the animals coming in contact with them in the surrounding and might suffocate them leading to death. ● Poisonous Ability:
The plastic pollution is poisonous. Plastic pollution has the potential to poison animals, which can then adversely affect human food supplies. A number of toxic chemicals are artificially used by man to produce plastic. Generally, the use of and exposure to plastics has been linked to numerous health concerns which is affecting people all over the world. The plastic pollution is highly detrimental to large marine mammals. It poses single greatest threat to them. Some marine species, such as sea turtles, have been found to contain large proportions of plastics in their stomach.
● Air Pollution:
It is the presence of chemicals in the atmosphere in concentrations high enough to harm organisms, ecosystem, or human made materials, or to alter climate . Today, air pollution is a global problem; areas far from the polluting source may be adversely affected as at atmospheric, circulation moves pollutants freely without regard to political boundaries. When plastics are burnt in the open air, landfills or incinerators, poisonous/toxic chemicals are released thereby causing environmental pollution.
■ PREVENTION OF PLASTIC POLLUTION
The rate at which plastic waste grows in the world today is discouraging and uncalled for. These ecosystems need to be protected from future damage and actions need to be taken to establish a world with free-plastic wastes.
● Reuse:
Reusability refers to the use of materials more than once in their original form instead of throwing away after each use. This does not only ensure the maximum use of the material life span but also reduces waste. Reuse has increasingly been accepted as playing a vital part in addressing a wide range of social challenges related to poverty, health and well-being.
● Reduce:
In order to reduce plastic pollution, there is need to reduce our usage of plastic. This translates to changing our daily attitudes and avoiding the use of plastic when there is a better alternative to it and only using plastic when it is seriously needed. Plastic packaging need to be avoided.
● Recycle:
Recycling of plastic involves collection of plastic waste and reprocessing it into new products, in order to reduce the amount of plastic in the waste stream. It is known that plastic does not break down easily, so to recycle plastic mean it is still plastic, but it can be used for another purpose entirely.
● Educate Businesses:
Education is an important solution in order to increase awareness and behavioural/attitudinal change. People need to be guided and advised on plastic disposal so as to prevent the occurrence of plastic pollution. Thereis need to speak to operators/owners of local restaurants and businesses about that the alternatives that they can divert to for stokinr, packaging items.
● Government Intervention:
The lawmakers and government need to arise and get involved in the prevention of plastic pollution so as to create fear in public and allow strict adherence to preventive measures to take place. Presently, awareness and sensitization is on-going all over the globe on plastic pollution.
CONCLUSION :-
Plastics are destroying nature due to their harmful effect and plastic bags have become the main cause of land pollution today. The plastic bags entering into the water bodies are a major cause of water pollution and these are deteriorating our environment in every possible way. Plastic pollution is a complex and multifaceted issue with far-reaching ecological and health consequences. Addressing this challenge requires concerted efforts at individual, community, corporate, and governmental levels to reduce plastic consumption, improve waste management infrastructure, and promote sustainable alternatives to single-use plastics. Such actions are crucial to mitigate the detrimental impacts of plastic pollution on ecosystems, wildlife, and human population.
REFERENCE:-
● Paul Sujit : Environmental and Population Education , Aaheli Publication , 2023.
● Duff & Dutt : Elixir an English Companion , Tulshi Prokashani , Kolkata , 2024.
● Ray & Martin : English Companion , Kolkata , 2024.
● Das Dulal: Adhunik Bhugal , Book India , 2011.
● Ghosh Taranidhar : Aims English Companion , Book India , 2024.
● Google & wikipedia .
BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that. -------- of class XI, Roll No:---- Sec: --- , Registration No :- --- has completed his/her project file on " Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose " under my supervision. He/She has taken proper care and shown utmost sincerity in the completion of this project.
I certify that this project work is up to my expectation and as per the guidelines issued by WB.C.HS.E
This is to certify that this project report entitled " Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose " by -------- class:- ---- , Roll no:- ---- , Registration No :- ----- submitted during the academic year 2024-25 is a bona fide record of work done under my supervision.
Signature of the project guide with date
Name
Designation
Department
School
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project on " Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose " has given me an extensive scope of learning through group activities. I consider myself lucky to work under -------- whose support made our project quite interesting. We are thankful to him.
Last but not least, I am thankful to all my friends and family members who helped me to complete the project.
Signature of the student
CONTENT
● INTRODUCTION .
● METHOD & TECHNIQUE .
● AIM OF THE PROJECT .
● OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT.
● CONCLUSION.
● REFERENCE.
INTRODUCTION
As per the new syllabus , project work has been included as a part of the curriculum . We have made the choice according to the availability of work. All of us have seen many presentations floating around about eminent people like Swami Vivekananda , Rabindra Nath Tagore , Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose etc. In this project we discuss about Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, an eminent Personality of Indian history.
METHOD & TECHNIQUE :-
In this project, we had to find a character based on popularity and acceptance and then based on interview or literature rivew.
On the first day, we discussed on finding such a character. later after many discussions and based on the availability of works we chosed Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose for our project topic.
On the second and third day, we went through the text a number of times to have a better understanding of his activity and role in Indian history.
On the fourth and fifth day, we thoroughly revised our script and made certain changes where necessary ad submitted the final draft for evaluation.
AIM OF THE PROJECT :-
The aims and objectives are as follows:
a. A project develops deeper understanding of a particular topic. We can use our language skill in presenting the eminent ersonality.
b. A project develops imaginative faculty. We learn the personality.
c. It develops practical knowledge through experience.
d. It develops communication skill and power of organisation.
OUT COME OF THE PROJECT :-
SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE
Subhas Chandra Bose, popularly known as Netaji, was an outstanding leader of the Indian freedom movement and a revolutionary par excellence. He effectively took the Indian Freedom Movement beyond the frontiers of India which is perhaps a rare feat in the history of our freedom struggle. His magnificent and inspiring words 'Jai Hind', which echo in everyone's ears and ignite patriotic instincts in our heart, have truly become the national rallying call.
■ Family history and early life:-
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack (Orissa) to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose. His father was a successful lawyer in Cuttack and received the title of "Rai Bahadur". He did his schooling at the Protestant European School (presently Stewart High School) in Cuttack, just like his siblings. He did baccalaureate from the Presidency College. He was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna after reading their works at the age of 16. He then was sent by his parents to the University of Cambridge in England to prepare for the Indian Civil Service. In 1920 he passed the civil service examination, but in April 1921, after hearing of the nationalist turmoils in India, he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India.
■ Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Congress:-
He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement which was started by Mahatma Gandhi who made INC a powerful non-violent organization. During the movement, he was advised by Mahatma Gandhi to work with Chittaranjan Das who became his political guru. After that, he became a youth educator and commandant of the Bengal Congress volunteers. He started the newspaper 'Swaraj'. In 1927, after being released from prison, Bose became general secretary of the Congress party and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence.
In 1938 he was elected president of the Indian National Congress and formed a national planning committee, which formulated a policy of broad industrialization. However, this did not harmonize with Gandhian economic thought, which clung to the notion of cottage industries and benefiting from the use of the country's own resources. Bose's vindication came in 1939 when he defeated a Gandhian rival for reelection. Nonetheless, the "rebel president" felt bound to resign because of the lack of Gandhi's support.
■ Subhas Chandra Bose and the formation of Forward Bloc:-
All India Forward Bloc was a left-wing nationalist political party in India that emerged as a faction within the India Congress in 1939, led by Subhas Chandra Bose. He was well known for his leftist views in Congress. The prime objective of the Froward Bloc was to bring all radical elements of the Congress party. So that he could spread the meaning of complete independence of India with adherence to the application of principles of equality and social justice.
■ Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauz:-
An important development in the struggle for freedom during the Second World War was the formation and activities of the Azad Hind Fauj, also known as the Indian National Army or INA. Rash Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary who had escaped from India and had been living in Japan for many years, set up the Indian Independence League with the support of Indians living in the countries of south-east Asia.
When Japan defeated the British armies and occupied almost all the countries of Southeast Asia, the league formed the Indian National Army from among the Indian prisoners of war to liberate India from British rule. General Mohan Singh, who had been an officer in the British Indian army, played an important role in organizing this army.
In the meantime, Subhas Chandra Bose escaped from India in 1941 and went to Germany to work for India's Independence. In 1943, he came to Singapore to lead the Indian Independence League and rebuild the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to make it an effective instrument for the freedom of India. The Azad Hind Fauj comprised about 45,000 soldiers, among whom were Indian prisoners of war as well as Indians who were settled in various countries of southeast Asia.
On 21 October 1943, Subhas Bose, who was now popularly known as Netaji, proclaimed the formation of the provisional government of independent India (Azad Hind) in Singapore. Netaji went to the Andaman which had been occupied by the Japanese and hoisted there the flag of India. In early 1944, three units of the Azad Hind Fauj (INA) took part in the attack on the north-eastern parts of India to oust the British from India. According to Shah Nawaz Khan, one of the most prominent officers of the Azad Hind Fauj, the soldiers who had entered India laid themselves flat on the ground and passionately kissed the sacred soil of their motherland. However, the attempt to liberate India by the Azad Hind Fauj failed.
Indian women also played an important role in the activities for the freedom of India. A women's regiment of Azad Hind Fauj was formed, which was under the command of Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan. It was called the Rani Jhansi regiment. The Azad Hind Fauj became the symbol of unity and heroism to the people of India. Netaji, who had been one of the greatest leaders of India's struggle for freedom, was reported killed in an air crash a few days after Japan had surrendered.
CONCLUSION :-
The Azad Hind Fauj was defeated in the Indian Liberation War, but its purpose was not completely fruitless. Although the liberation struggle of the Azad Hind Fauj failed, Subhash Chandra Bose and his army occupy an important place in the history of the Indian independence struggle. The patriotism, courage, organizational strength and heroic struggle of Netaji and his Azad Hind Fauj struck a great fear in the minds of the British government.
REFERENCE:-
● Bandhyapadhyay , Sekhar : From Plassey to Partition , Orient Longman , New Delhi , 2022.
● Duff & Dutt : Elixir an English Companion , Tulshi Prokashani , Kolkata , 2024.
● Ray & Martin : English Companion , Kolkata , 2024.
● Chowdhury Teslim : Bharater Itihas , Mitram , Kolkata , 2011.
● Google & wikipedia .
NARRATION :-
1. Assertive Sentence (বর্ননা বা বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য )
এখানে মূলত হ্যা বা না বাচক বাক্য থাকে ।
নিয়ম:-
a. Reporting Verb টি past tense এ থাকলে Reported speech টিকে past tense এ করতে হবে । Linker হিসাবে that বসবে ।।
যেমন:- He said , " I am fine ."
এখানে said হল Reporting verb . আর I am fine হল Reported speech ।
D:- He said ,"I am fine." --> He said that he was fine. (is পাল্টে was হল কারন আমরা একে past করলাম। ) (I পাল্টে he হল কারন Speaker অনুসারে ।)
দেখ Reported speech টির Aux দেখে আমরা বুঝব এটি কোন Tense এ আছে । লিস্ট দিলাম -
Present
Past
Future
Am/is/are >>>>>>>
Was / were
have/has >>>>>>>>
had
Should/Would
<<<<<Shall/will
May/Can >>>>>>
Might/Could
এভাবে tense বুঝে past করতে হবে ।
যেমন:- Ram said,"I have a nice car."
Ram said that he had a nice car.
2. Reporting verb টি said to থাকলে তার বদলে told বসবে ।
যেমন:-
He said to me ," You are a very rich man."
He told me that I was a very rich man.
He said to me "I shall go there."
He told me that he would go there.
3. Reporting verb ও repoerted speech দুটোই past tense হলে had / had been বসিয়ে verb এর তৃতীয় সারী বসাতে হবে।
She said to me , " I was writting a letter."
She told me that she had been written a letter.
He said to me , " I cooked rice."
He told me that he had cooked rice.
উপরের দুটো উদাহরনেই reporting verb ও reported speech দুটোই past এ থাকায় had বা had been বসিয়ে verb এর তৃতীয় সারী বসালাম ।
* Aux past এ থাকলে had been ও verb এর দ্বিতীয় সারী থাকায় শুধু had বসানো হয়েছে ।
4. তবে Reporing verb টি past tense এ থাকলে সবসময় যে reported speech টি past হবে তা কিন্তু নয় । যদি reported speech টি অভ্যাস (habit) বা চিরন্তন সত্য বোঝালে কিন্তু Reporting verb টি past এ থাকলেও reported speech টির tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না ।
যেমন:-
He said to me, "Man is mortal."
He told me that man is mortal .
Ram said to me , " The earth is round."
Ram told me that the earth is round.
5. Reporting verb টি present অথবা Future tense এ থাকলে Reported speech টির tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না । যে tense এ আছে সেই tense এ থাকবে।
যেমন:-
He says , I am very busy today." -> He says that he is very busy that day.
He will say , " I was cooking then." --> He will say that he was cookin then.
Interrogative Sentence (প্রশ্ন বোধক বাক্য )
1. প্রশ্ন বোধক বাক্যটি যদি Aux (am/is /are/ was/ were / have /has / had / shall/ will ) দিয়ে শুরু হয় তবে linker হিসাবে if বা whether বসবে কিন্তু Wh word (who/ whom / whose/ where ) দিয়ে শুরু হলে if না বসে সরাসরি wh word টি বসবে ।
2. Reported speech টি sub+aux+verb + obj গঠন অনুসারে বসাতে হবে ।
3. Reporting verb টি বদলে গিয়ে told বসবে।
যেমন:-
He said to me , " are you fine ? " --> He told me if I were fine.
He said to me ," Who are you?" --> He asked me who I was.
Optative Sentence (ইচ্ছাসূচক বাক্য )
optative sentence টি সাধারনত May দিয়ে শুরু হবে ।
1. Reported speech টি ইচ্ছা বোঝালে Reporting verb টি বদলে গিয়ে wish বসবে । আর প্রার্থনা বোঝালে pray বসবে । Linker হিসাবে that বসবে ।
2. Reported speech টি sub+ Aux+ Verb + Obj গঠন অনুসারে বসবে ।
যেমন :-
He said to me ," May you be rich." --> He wished that I might be rich.
He said to me , "May god bless you." --> He prayed that God might bless me.
(মনে রাখবে লাইনে God কথাটা থাকলে প্রার্থনা হবে আর না থাকলে ইচ্ছা ধরব।)
Imperative Sentence (অনুজ্ঞা সূচক বাক্য )
1. Reported speech টি আদেশ / উপদেশ / অনুরোধ / নিষেধ যেমন বোঝাবে সেই অনুসারে Reporting verb টি বদলে গিয়ে order / advice / request / forbid বসাতে হবে ।
2. Linker হিসাবে to বসবে ।
যেমন :-
He said to me , "Obey your parents ." --> He adviced me to obey my parents.
He said to me , " Dont run in the sun." --> He forbid me to run in the sun .
He said to me , " please go there." --> He requested me to go there.
* ভালো করে দেখ Imperative sentence টি কিন্তু verb দিয়ে শুরু হয়েছে ।
* Imperative এর হ্মেত্রে কিন্তু Assertive এর যে tense বদলানোর নিয়ম আছে তা কিন্তু মানা হয়নি।
Exclaimetoty Sentence (বিষ্ময় বোধক বাক্য )
1. বিষ্ময় বোধক বাক্যে দুঃখ বোঝালে Reporting verb টি বদলে গিয়ে Exclaimed with sorrow , আনন্দ বোঝালে Exclamed with Joy বা বিষ্ময় বোঝালে Exclaimed with surprise বসবে ।
2. Linker হিসাবে that বসবে ।
3. বিষ্ময় বোধক বাক্যে what / how থাকলে very বসবে ।
যেমন:- He said to me , "Hurrah we have won ." (আনন্দ )
He excaimed with joy that they had won.
He said to me , "Alas the king is dead." (দুঃখ)
He excaimed with sorrow that the king was dead.
He said to me , " What is a big tiger. " (বিষ্ময়)
He excaimed with surprise that the tiger is very big. (s+Aux+V+ obj)
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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project report entitled "A fictitious interview of some eminent personality Virat Kohli" by:- ---------, Class:------, Roll:- ------ Registration number :- --'----- submitted during the academic year 2024-25 is a Bonafide record of work done under my supervision.
Signature of the project guide with date
Name:-----------------------
Designation:- -----------------
Department:- -----------------
School:- ---------------------
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project "A fictitious interview of some evident personality Virat Kohli" had given me an extensive scope of learning through group activities. I consider myself lucky to work under whose support made our project quite interesting. We are thankful to him.
Last but not least i am thankful to all my friends and family members who helped me to complete the project.
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Signature of the student
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CONTENTS
* introduction
* Aim of the Project
* methods and techniques
* outcome of the project
* Limitation
* conclusion
* references
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INTRODUCTION
As per the new syllabus project work has been include as a part of the curriculum. We have made the choice according to the availability of works. An interview is a conversation between two or more people where questions are asked by the interviewer to bring out facts or statements from the interviewee. Interviews are a standard part of journalism and media reporting, but are also employed in many other situations, including qualitative research.
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AIM OF THE PROJECT
The aim of the projects is ---
(i) Understand how to conduct an interview session.
(ii) Develop our communication skill.
(iii) Learn how to behave in a formal situation.
(iv) Understand the nature of work of the personality.
(v) Learn how to prepare relevant questions and prepare them.
(vi) Try to find out the questions with which the personality would be romat comfortable with.
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METHODS AND TECHNIQES
In this project, we had to find a character based on popularity and accep- tance and then based on some interviews taken earlier we had to prepare this fictitious interview.
On the first day, we discussed on finding such a character. later after many discussions and based on the availability of works we chosed Mr Virat Kohli to be interviewed.
On the second and third day, we went through the text a number of times to have a better understanding of his words. Then we prepared the questions that can be asked. We chose C. Rajashekara: Virat Kohli: Reliable Rebel, 2015 and Bhattacharya Avirup: Winning like Virat: Thinking & succeed like Kohli, 2017. books.
On the fourth and fifth day, we prepared the answers. checked it thorough so that there is no misinterpretation.
On the sixth and seventh day, we thoroughly revised our script and made certain changes where necessary.
Eighth and Ninth Day we rehearsed the interview session based on this particular script.
On the tenth day, we conducted an interview session. submitted the final draft for evaluation.
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OUTCAME OF THE PROJECTS
Right now, tonight's interview season, we have got with us Mr. Virat Kohli, the ex captain of Indian cricket team.
I:- Good evening, Mr Kohli. Welcome to our show. Sir, it's been a matter of great joy to have you here with me.
Kohli:- Thank you very much.
I:- You are the most successful Indian cricketer in recent times. Life has changed quite a lot, hasn't it?
Kohli: Yes, it has. Especially in the last two years. I'm just settling in now. Earlier, it was very difficult for me to think of not going home in between a series, not getting to spend time at home. But now, I sort of got used to it and my family has started to understand all these things much better. I know it's going to be hectic now, but it's a good change (smiles).
I:- How do you balance cricket and the commitments off the field?
Kohli :- I am very professional in what I do in cricket. Earlier, I used to waste a lot of time on shoots just joking around. Now my priority is to come on time, do the best I can, make the people with whom I have commitments happy and be a total professional on that front, too.
I:- Has coming in at number 3 in ODIs helped you?
Kohli: - Yeah, it has. Early on, when I used to play down the order, I used to think I might not get many opportunities. I always wanted to be the best in every innings I played. I want to be the best when I go out to play for India that has always been my aim. But, obviously, you don't get to do that when you are batting at a position where you don't get many overs to play.
I:- Did anyone have to pull you into line in your early career?
Kohli:- There was my coach, Rajkumar Sharma, who was always looking at things from the outside and he understood me the most, after my family, because I had interacted him so much over the years. My family as well. Every time they felt like I was not on the right path they told me. But my coach was the one that was very stern with me. If I was doing something wrong he would make sure that he got that across, one way or the other. He was the only person I was scared of when I was growing up. I went into his academy when I was nine and even now I still speak to him about my game.
I:-How would you characterise your captaincy?
Kohli- I think every captain flushes in the mindset that he has himself to his team and I've always played my cricket with positivity. When I do well or i don't do well, it's not about thinking twice, only going forward. Results are a bi-product of that mindset. I believe in giving total freedom to the guys to go out there and play the way they want to, and to be fearless. You can make mistakes by being positive, lack of execution is fine, but hesitation is something that I cannot relate to myself so I would never want the players to play that way.
I:- What have been the biggest challenges during your time as captain?
Kohli- Not many. I've really enjoyed myself so far. I just wanted to play cricket at this level and now I've been given such an honour to captain my country, I cannot complain at all. It allows me to set the right example and work hard, so I can expect my teammates to work as hard. It has only helped me grow as a person and make me understand the game better and what needs to be done at different points of the game, or in life in general. You learn so many things about what are controllables, what are not controllables, respecting losses and working hard towards victory. When decision-making is on you, you need to be very aware of what you are doing and that makes you aware as a person in general.
I:- You are batting at number 4 in Tests, which used to be Sachin Tendulkar's position. Everybody believes you could well be the one to surpass Sachin's record, in ODIs at least.
Kohli:- (Laughs) He played 200 Test matches. In this day and age, it's impossible to play 200 Tests. He started when he was 16; I started playing Tests when I was 22. There is nothing to compare. This is a person I have idolised. I've been lucky to play with him, so I don't feel the pressure of those comparisons. I know what he has done to be there. When you haven't played with someone and then people compare you [with him), then you get that weird feeling. But knowing [Sachin), I know where I stand and I know where he is.
I:- You have shared the dressing room with quite a few greats. Has Sachin's influence been the biggest?
Kohli:- Sachin's influence has been absolutely immense. I have had the highest regard for all those senior cricketers who have done so well for the country but I haven't idolised any of them. I have utmost respect for Rahul Dravid, V.V.S. Laxman, Sourav Ganguly, Virender Sehwag, Gautam Gambhir all these guys have won games, but I haven't idolised any of them, to be honest.
I:- Are you still a work in progress?
Kohli:- You never stop learning. That's one thing I have learnt from the great man himself. If you are playing international cricket, you might have one good season playing a particular way. But other teams will sort you out leventually). They will know your strengths and will come up with plans when you play them next time.
I:- How do you prepare for a series, especially an away series such as in South Africa?
Kohli:- My strength is never to bat for hours in the nets. My strength is to bat for some time in the nets and work more on visualisation. For South Africa, I visualised scoring a Test hundred every day of the three months before the tour. Whenever I was training, I pushed myself, told myself that you are going to go from 80 to 100 or 100 to 150. I used to push myself like that even while on the treadmill or doing my fitness training.
I:- How difficult is it when, despite having a player at his peak, the team fails to win matches?
Kohli: Well, you cannot control the results. I like to focus on the next game I have to play.
I:- How do you relax outside of cricket?
Kohli:- We really enjoy our time when we come to other countries. We get to walk around and that's very liberating, to be able to enjoy normal stuff like going out for breakfast or to coffee shops, because we don't walk at all back home - it's only getting out of our house, into our car and going wherever we want to go, then back into our car to go home. We love pets, so if we see dogs around we play with them. We can literally do whatever we want in terms of buying things or having something but to be able to enjoy and be grateful about life every day is something that we take very seriously.
I:- Say about M.S Dhoni.
Kohli :- MS Dhoni is the man who gave me the opportunity to open the innings first time in my career, I can't explain the respect I have for him in words. For me, he will always be 'My Captain' because I started my career under him. There has never been a moment that I want to get up there, or I don't want anyone to give their advice. For me, If I trust someone, believe in someone, I would do anything for them.
I:- Thank you very much sir. Have a great day.
Kohli:- Thank you.
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LIMITATION
(i) The duration for the entire project was only ten periods.
(ii) We don't know much about now to conduct an interview session.
(iii) Before this project, we didn't have much idea about interview sesвито our notion about this particular genre was very limited.
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CONCLUSION
Our project was duly completed within the given time limit. After completing the project, we have learnt how to conduct an interview season. This project would be an introduction to our learning. Learners will get to know how to take an interview. This project will help the learners to improve their body language. They can easily face an eminent personality here after.
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REFERENCE
1. C. Rajashekara: Virat Kohli: Reliable Rebel, 2015.
2. Bhattacharya Avirup: Winning like Virat: Thinking & succeed like Kohli, 2017.
3. Sasmal Dilip K : Higher secondary English Success, Kolkata, 2018.
* Tense (কাল ) কী ?
Tense denotes the time of performing a verb . [ ক্রিয়া সম্পন্ন হওয়ার সময়কে Tense বলে । ] আরো সহজভাবে বললে, কোনো Verb এর কাজ কখন সংঘটিত হয়, হয়েছিল বা হবে বুঝানোর জন্য Verb যে ভিন্ন ভিন্ন রূপ হয় তাকে Tense বলে।
* ইংরেজিতে Tense প্রধানত তিনটি ।
a) Present Tense [ বর্তমান কাল ]
b) Past Tense [ অতীত কাল ]
c) Future Tense [ ভবিষ্যৎ কাল ]
1. Present Tense বা বর্তমান কাল
যে কাজ বর্তমান সময়কে নির্দেশ করে তখন তাকে Present Tense বলে।
যেমন :- I go to school.
He is going to school.
We are going to school.
Rahim is driving a car.
Present Tense কে আবার চার ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়েছে:
Present Indefinite Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
১. Present Indefinite Tense: বর্তমানে যে কাজ হয়ে থাকে, কিন্তু কাজটির সমাপ্তি বা অসমাপ্তি কোনোটাই নির্দেশ করে না অর্থাৎ অনির্দিষ্ট থাকে তখন তাকে Present Indefinite Tense বলা হয়। আরো সহজ ভাবে বললে, বর্তমানের কোনো কাজ, ঘটনা, চিরন্তন সত্য, নিকট ভবিষ্যৎ, অভ্যাস বা প্রকৃতি বুঝালে তখন তাকে Present Indefinite Tense বলা হয়।
Structure:
Affirmative Sentence:.
Sub +V¹+ Obj
He/She/Ram +(V+es/s) Obj
Negative Sentence:
Sub + do/does + not + Verb¹ + Obj
যেমন:
I write. Rahim drives. I do not write. Rahim does not Drive. The sun sets in the west. The sun rises in the east.
২. Present Continuous Tense: কোনো কাজ বর্তমানে চলছে বা হচ্ছে, এখনো শেষ হয়নি এরূপ বুঝালে Verb এর Present Continuous Tense হয়।
Structure:
Affirmative Sentence:
Sub + am/is/are + (Verb+ing) + Extension.
Negative Sentence:
Sub + am/ is/ are + not +( Verb+ing).+ Extension.
যেমন: I am going to school. Karim is going to school. I’m not going to school. He is not going to school. Karim is driving a car. Rahima is singing a song.
৩. Present Perfect Tense: কোনো কাজ এইমাত্র শেষ হয়েছে, কিন্তু তার ফলাফল এখনও বিদ্যমান, এরূপ বুঝালে তাকে Present Perfect Tense বলে।
Structure:
Affirmative Sentence: Sub + have/ has + V³ + Extension.
Negative Sentence: Sub + have not/ has not + V³ + Extension.
যেমন: Karim has finished the work. I have read this story many times. Karim has not finished the work. They have not written.
৪. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: যে কাজ পূর্বে বা অতীতকালে শুরু হয়ে বর্তমানেও চলছে, এরুপ বুঝালে তাকে Present Perfect Continuous Tense বলা হয়।
Structure: Sub + has been/ have been + (Verb+ing) + Extension.
যেমন: Karim has been waiting for 2 hours. Rahima has been sleeping for 4 hours. How long have you been living in this town? I have been learning English since I was twelve.
2. PAST TENSE (অতীত কাল)
যে কাজ অতীত সময়কে নির্দেশ করে তখন তাকে Past Tense বা অতীত কাল বলে।
Past Tense কে আবার চার ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়েছে:
Past Indefinite Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
১. Past Indefinite Tense: কোনো কাজ অতীতকলে সম্পন্ন হয়েছিলো এরুপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Past Indefinite Tense বলা হয়।
Structure:
Affirmative Sentence:
Sub + V²+ Extension.
Negative SEntence:
Sub + did not + V¹ + Extension.
যেমন: Rahim went to school. Kabir wrote this story. They did not go to school. The man died yesterday. Kohinoor went to Mexico last year.
২. Past Continuous Tense: অতীতকালে কোনো কাজ চলছিলো এরুপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Past Continuous Tense বলে।
Structure:
Affirmative Sentence:
Sub + was / were +(Verb+ing)+ Extension.
Negative Sentence:
Sub + was not / were not + (Verb+ing)+ Extension.
যেমন: I was going to school. Shamim was watching Television. We were not going to work. She was not driving the car.
৩. Past Perfect Tense: অতীতে দুইটি কাজ সংঘটিত হলে, যে কাজটি পূর্বে বা আগে সংঘটিত হয়েছিল সেটি Verb এর Past Perfect Tense হয়, আর যে কাজটি পরে সংঘটিত হয় সেটি Past Indefinite Tense হয়।
Structure:
Subject + had + V³+ before + Subject + V²
Subject +V²+ After + Subject + had + V³
যেমন: I had bought a watch before you came here. Karim had reached the station before the train left. I reached the station after the train had left. The patient had died before the doctor came. The patient died after the doctor had come.
৪. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: অতীতকালে কোনো কাজ শুরু হয়ে কিছুক্ষণ যাবৎ চলছিল এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Past Perfect Continuous Tense বলে। যদি Past Perfect Continuous Tense এ দুটি কাজের উল্লেখ তাকে, তাহলে তার মধ্যে যে কাজটি পূর্বে বা আগে থেকে চলছিল সেটি Past Perfect Continuous Tense এ হবে এবং যেটি পরে সম্পন্ন হয় সেটি Past Indefinite Tense হয়।
Structure:
Sub + had been + Verb+ ing + Extension
যেমন: It had been raining since Monday. I had been waiting for two hours. Khadija had been listening to the song for an hour.
3. Future Tense (ভবিষ্যত কাল)
যে কাজ ভবিষ্যত সময়কে নির্দেশ করে তখন তাকে Future Tense বলে।
Future Tense কে আবার চার ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়েছে:
Future Indefinite Tense
Future Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
১. Future Indefinite Tense: ভবিষ্যত কালে কোনো কাজ সংঘটিত হবে এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Future Indefinite Tense বলা হয়।
Structure:
Affirmative Sentence:
Sub + Shall / Will + V¹+ Extension
Negative Sentence:
Sub + Shall not / Will not + V¹ + Extension
যেমন: I will come back. We will visit Cox’s Bazar. Rahman shall move to another city. Karim will come to New York tomorrow.
২. Future Continuous Tense: ভবিষ্যতে কোনো কাজ শুরু হয়ে কিছু সময় ধরে চলতে থাকবে, এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Future Continuous Tense বলা হয়।
Structure:
Affirmative Sentence:
Sub + Shall be / will be + Verb +ing + Extension
Negative Sentence:
Sub + Shall not be / Will not be + Verb +ing + Extension
যেমন: Jannat will be reading a story. We will be playing at this time tomorrow. Salman will be watching TV when I come home.
৩. Future Perfect Tense: ভবিষ্যতকালে কোনো নির্দিষ্ট সময়ে কোনো কাজ সম্পন্ন হয়ে থাকবে, এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Future Perfect Tense বলা হয়।
Structure:
Sub + Shall have / Will have + V³+ Extension
যেমন: Shamim will have come before Kabir comes. I shall have completed the assignment by Sunday. Ayesha will have submitted the letter by tomorrow.
৪. Future Perfect Continuous Tense: ভবিষ্যতকালে দুইটি কাজের মধ্যে যে কাজটি আগে সম্পন্ন হবে এবং দীর্ঘসময় ধরে চলতে থাকবে, এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Future Perfect Continuous Tense বলা হয়। এবং অপর কাজটি হবে Present Indefinite Tense.
Structure:
Sub + Shall have been / Will have been + Verb + ing + Extension.
যেমন: We shall have been waiting for two hours. Robin will have been waiting before Shakib comes. Karim will have been exercising for an hour at 2:00.
Page:-2
Project Work
on
Extension of a story
Jimmy Valentine
- O Henry
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Page:-3
Acknowledgement
This project has given me golden opportunity for learning through and self development collaborative activities . I want to thank respected Mr. ____________ to whom I owe specially for preparing this project based on the beautiful story , entitled 'Jimmy Valentine' written by O Henry.
I am also greatful to all my friends who took part in the group discussion and helped me in the shaping of this project.
Signature of the student
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Page:- 4
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Project Report entitled Extension of a story short story 'Jimmy Valentine' prepared by __________, Class:- XI Roll :- ______, Registration No:- _____, Year 2022-23 submitted in partial fulfillment to class XI English Course during the academic year 2022-23 is a bonafide record of project work carried out under my guidance and supervision .
Signature of the Project Guide
____________________
Name:-
Designation:-
Department:-
School:-
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Page:-5
CONTENTS
* Acknowledgement.
* Certificate.
* Introduction.
* Procedures & Input.
* Output of the Project.
* Conclusion.
* References.
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Page:-6
Introduction
As per the new syllabus , Project work has been included as a part of the curriculum .
objectives:-
The main objectives of our project work are -
( i ) We will be able to dovelop our creative imagination .
( ii ) We learn how to extend a story following the end of particular story as the beginning .
( iii ) We learn how to portray different characters and to arrange events coherently .
( iv ) We learn how experience can be transformed to art .
Guiding Principle:-
( i ) Creative Imagination is of course very crucial in the extension of the story .
( ii ) Reading habit helps one to extend the story because rich experience is conducive to this kind of project work .
( iii ) Character portrayal is very important . A flat character may become a round one in keeping with the events of the story .
( iv ) Rearrangement of the sequence of events may be needed to establish unity with the new end .
( v ) The story which has been an extended one must end meaningfully .
Limitations:-
( i ) Time for the whole project work is limited .
( ii ) We have not read many stories written in English .
( II ) At times we lack expressions because English is not our mother tongue .
( iv ) The structures of the short story are not known to us quite clearly .
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Page:-7
Procedures & Input.
For the Extension of a story of O Henry's short story 'Jimmy Valentine' we worked in groups and sometimes in pairs through a systematic process . Our teacher fixed 10 interventions for completing the project . The details of our activities are enumerated below :
First intervention : On the first day , we discussed some of the stories . Then we minutely listened to all the stories and selected O Henry's short story 'Jimmy Valentine'.
Second intervention : On the second day , our teacher taught us different aspects of Indian society and culture .
Third invention : On the third day , we tried to locate the differences of the story from the original .
Fourth intervention : On the fourth day , we started to change the story so that it looks different .
Fifth intervention : On the fifth day , we prepared the draft of our extension story .Then we read out our manuscripts .
Sixth intervention : On the sixth day , we selected the best manuscript . Then we worked together for its further betterment .
Seventh intervention : On the seventh day , we prepared the final manuscript .Then we read out the manuscript in the presence of our teacher .
Eighth intervention : On the eighth day , the photocopies of the final manuscript were distributed among the students for review .
Ninth intervention : On the ninth day , each group read out their reviews before of the class .
Tenth intervention : Students shared their experience with the teacher . The project report was submitted for evaluation and assessment .
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Output of the Project.
O. Henry's story ' Alias Jimmy Valentine ' speaks us about the tale of a safe - cracker Jimmy Valentine who has recently been freed from prison . He skillfully watches out a town bank at Elmore as he wants to rob it later on . But as the fortune smiles , he walks up to the door and his eye meets that of the banker's beautiful daughter Annabel . He invariably falls in love with Annabel and decides to give up his criminal career for good . Jimmy takes up the identity of Ralph Spencer , a shoe - maker . Jimmy was planning to hand over his safe - cracking instruments to one of his old associates . At this juncture when Mr Adams , Annabel's father , was showing him his new vault , an accident came to light . A child fell arrested within the vault . There was every possibility that the little child might die as there was very little air within it . Annabel fell on Jimmy's bosom and begged the life of her sister's daughter . Jimmy was aware of the possibility of being traced out as the safe - cracker in case he displays his old skill . But Jimmy didn't ponder much about the consequence ; he immediately started his work and within a few minutes broke the vault and freed the innocent girl from within few minutes.
Jimmy could then note out Ben Price , the detective getting ready to arrest him , sadly smiled at him and told him to take him wherever he wishes as he thinks that makes little difference to his prospect . But to the endless surprise of Jimmy , Ben Price declared not to recognise him allowing Jimmy to settle down in his new identity .
Where are you going Ralph ? Look at me . I'm your Annabel .
" Jimmy didn't stop yet and continued to move on his then caught him by hands and gave him a strong jerk . " Are you in your sense , Ralph ? Why are you going away from me ? Are you OK ? Please speak , do speak my Ralph , " Annabel said .
" Don't you catch what my real identity is ? " Jimmy said . you must know my past . Do you know I'm a safe - cracker ? I got into prison several times for cracking safes . I came to your town for looting out your bank . And then I fell in love with you . But believe me . I love you more than myself . I can't cheat you . Please marry someone else and be happy . Leave me alone , " Jimmy said .
I am not all that selfish woman . You possibly have no faith in my love . Ralph , whatever you may be in the past you are my love , my dream , my existence . I cannot think even a bit of my life without you . I still believe , my Ralph can't do anything wrong . You are like an angel . " Annabel embraced Jim with her eyes filled with tears .
Meanwhile Mr. Adams and the mother of the rescued child came to the spot and saw the two arrested in each other's arms . " Who this man Ralph Spencer might be ? He may be that safe - cracker about whom I was made alert by the police . May be he has saved the life of the baby but still I can't accept a criminal as my son - in - law . Anyway , let us interrogate this Spencer . I can't just let it proceed farther .
I may not hand this man over to police but at the same time I must make sure that this relationship doesn't proceed any more . " " Who are you Spencer ? Speak out who you are actually . I have doubts in my mind about your true identity . Can you prove that you are in reality a gentleman of a good origin ? Come on , speak out Ralph , " Mr. Adams went on speaking .
" Oh my father whom are you accusing ? Is he not an angel ? Did he not save your granddaughter's life ? Father , don't for heaven's sake accuse a man without understanding his immense value . I simply love Ralph and whoever he may be , he is the man I love . I don't just care if you accept him or not , but for sure I'm going to marry Ralph at the earliest . No force in this world can obstruct or delay our marriage . "
" Oh dear , listen to me . I'm not possibly the right man you are going to tie your knot . May be your father has spoken the right thing . I don't deserve you with so much darkness behind . You are the infinite source of light . You have a dazzling future that awaits you out . Why are you wasting your life for me , a safe - cracker , a man having criminal record . Oh dear listen to me . Please marry someone your father chooses . I'll have you in the deepest corner of my mind , " said Jimmy being emotionally charged up . Annabel started crying in public .
Mr. Adams got even more resolute about his decision . He told Jimmy to leave out the place as early as possible . He also claimed that his daughter would very soon detect out her mistake and come to realize the difference between fancy and reality . He , however , expressed his gratitude to Jimmy for saving an innocent baby's life .
" Hello Ralph , listen to me . May be my daughter is doing the mistake but you should correct her . You love her , don't you ? So to give her a healthy life , you should leave the place as early as possible without letting the matter proceed . "
" Please have faith on me . I'll go away to a distant place - a place where neither you nor Annabel will be able to track me out . But believe me , whatever it may turn out to be I love your daughter possibly more than anybody in this world and I can do anything for her , even if that costs my life , it's better , " Jimmy said .
" That sounds like a man , " said Mr. Adams . Jimmy went back to his residence at Elmore pondering as to when to leave out the place . Mr. Adams , Annabel and her sister all went to their residence .
Jimmy met Mr. Adams the next day and begged his daughter's hand for him , a proposal to which Mr. Adams , after a night's serious thinking , agreed . Jim and Annabel got married to each other on the fixed day . They started living a happy conjugal life thereafter . Jimmy settled at Elmore with his shoe business flourishing day by day . Annabel was helping Jimmy in every possible way in his business . In this way two years passed . Annabel gave birth to a male child . They named him Tim . Tim looked like a blossomy flower . Jim and Annabel had to spend a lot of time to take care of the baby . Everything was going well .
But then something alarming came to light . A rival businessman of Jimmy was trying to destroy him . He was airing all rubbish about Jimmy , about his past and even made contacts with the local hooligans to drive Jimmy out . The name of this rival businessman was Robert Franklin .
One day he came to the shop of Jimmy along with some hooligans and threatened to kill him if he had not closed down his shop . Jimmy got furious but anticipating the danger got subdued and for the time being promised to do accordingly . As soon as Robert Franklin left Jimmy went to Mr. Adams along with his wife Annabel . They discussed the matter to the police station . The police officer knew Robert . And he promised Mr. Adams , who was a local business magnet , that he would within a day or two arrest Robert . But as long as Robert was not arrested he offered police protection to Jim . However , within twenty - four hours Robert was arrested . And Jimmy and Annabel breathed a sigh of relief . Jimmy had his old association but he promised not to contact them ever in his life . So , he informed the local people about the hooliganism of Robert . All the people assured him of his safety . After the arrest of Robert , two - three years went on smoothly . And Jim turned out to be a business magnet.
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Conclusion
The project we undertook was completed within scheduled time limit . After completing the project we have learnt the following :
( i ) How to transform a story into a extended one .
( ii ) How to make the play lively by adding suitable dialogues .
( iii ) The utility of stage performance in learning the target language .
( iv ) How to enjoy group work .
( v ) How to develop essential skills such as collaboration , communication , and critical thinking .
( vi ) How to use language in context.
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References
1. Zenith Roy& Manas Chattopadhyay, Higher Secondary English Guide,Kolkata,2017.
2. Chakraborty & Chakraborty, Higher Secondary English Digest, Kolkata,2017.
3. Dr. P.C Dhar & P.K Ray, Smart English, Kolkata,2015.
4. W.B.C.H.S.E Text Book.
5. A. S Hornby, Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Eight Edition, 2010.
A PROJECT REPORT ON
Theatrical Script of a Short story
Entitled
' Counterparts '
-James Joyce
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BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project report entitled THEATRICAL SCRIPT OF JAMES JOYCE'S SHORT STORY COUNTERPATS by ------- ROLL NO -----CLASS -XII ; REGISTRATION NO . ------ submitted during the academic year 2023-24 is a bonafide record of work , done under my supervision .
Signature of the Project Guide with date
Name : -------------
Designation:-----------
Department:--------------
School:-------------
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Acknowledgement
This project has given me the opportunity for learning and self development through group activities . I consider myself lucky to work under ------------whose motivating words and monitoring , care have paved the path of our knowledge and made us to work together , our gratitude to him .
Last but not the least , I am grateful to all of my friends and family members who helped me to complete the project .
------------------
Signature of the Student
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Contents
Introduction
Methods and Techniques
Outcome of the Project
Conclusion
References
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INTRODUCTION
Film world is totally a very competitive field One can have an idea of the best movie all the time but if the script is not formatted correctly , it will not be even read There are a few steps to write the script of a film or a theatre.The Script is the outline of all the elements like audio visual enamour and dialogue which are required to tell a story through the medium of film or television.
A short story is not so effective as a theatre or film . I have chosen ' Counterparts ' written by James Joyce which is a script of a theatre . It is completely a fundamental work which develops some good qualities like creativity , power of intelligence and originality among the students . It can be performed gorgeously . Dialogues are written in a simple way to memorise easily .This will help to develop the language as well as stage direction and using of props .
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METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
On the first day , we Chose the prose piece ' Counterparts ' written by James Joyce . We planned that a rich theatrical script can be made to develop from this prose piece .
On the second day , we explored the behavioral types of each of the characters .
On the third day , we were divided into groups and the story was divided into different parts .
Fourth Day We started writing dialogues . Our teacher sketched the necessary improvisations and modifications .
Fifth day, On the fourth day , we Developed a draft script as per the instructions that were given by our teacher .
Sixth Day, Roles were distributed through tests . Short listed students were asked to read out their script roles .
Seventh Day , The copy of the final script was distributed to each student . Rehearsal of the drama started . Some students were given off - stage duties like playing music . preparing the stage , arranging props etc. Our teacher was unanimously selected the director to conduct the rehearsal .
On the eighth day, the drama was performed in our school auditorium.
On the ninth day, the project report was submitted for evaluation.
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OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT
The dramatization is done from ' counterparts ( Dubliners ) by James Joyce . The rough or first draft of the script is modified during the reharsal and performance . The main script is given below :
Characters : [ Minor ]
Miss Parker:-A typist of the office .
Mr. Shelly :- The chief clerk of the office .
Mr. Crosboie:-The other partner of the law farm.
' Crosbie and Alleyne ' where Farrington worked .
Pat : A waiter at O'Neill's shop .
Miss Delacour :-A client at the law farm .
Ada:- Farrington's wife .
Charlie and Tom : Farrington's children .
Characters : [ Major ]
Mr. Farrington :-The protagonist of the play who is insulted a number of times by his boss Mr. Alleyne .
Mr. Alleyne : -Mr. Farrington's boss who insults him for not finishing his work in time .
Scene - 1
Place : At the office ' Crosbie and Alleyne "
Mr. Alleyne [ From backstage ) Send Farrington here !
Miss Parker Mr Farrington ! Mr. Farrington ! Mr. Alleyne wants you upstairs .
Mr. Farrington ( Mutters ] Blast him ! Finally , be knocks on the door of his boss Mr. Al leyne on the first floor .
Mr. Farrington : [ in a low voice May I ...
Mr. Alleyne : Come in ! ( without losing a moment he starte shouting ) Farrington ? What is the meaning of this ? Why do I always have to complain against you ? May I ask why you hav en't made a copy of the contract between Bodley and Kirwan ?
Mr. Farrington:- But Mr. Shelly said, sir .....
Mr. Alleyne:- Shelly said , Sir ... kindly listen to what I and not what Mr. Shelly says , Sir ! we have always some excuse or another for shirking work . Let me tell you if the contract is not copied before this evening I'll lay the matter before Mr Crosbie . Do hear me now ?
Farrington:-Yes sir .
Mr. Alleyne:- Do you hear me now ? ... Ay , and another matter ! I might as well be talking to the wall as talking to you . Understand once and for all that you get half an hour for lunch and not an hour and a half . How many dishes do you want ? Do you mind leaving now ?
Mr. Farrington : Yes , sir .
Mr. Alleyne : Eh ? Are you going to stand there all day ? Upon my word , Farrington , you take things easy !
Mr. Farrington : Sir , actually I was waiting to see .
Mr. Alleyne : Very good , you needn't wait to see .
Scene II
Mr. Farrington:- Pat , give me a drink like a good fellow . And , oh , caraway seeds please ! ( Farrington drinks ) It's almost an hour since I left office .
( Having paid his bill , Farrington goes back to his office . )
Scene III
Mr. Shelly:- Mr. Alleyne has been calling for you . Where have you been ?
Farrington ( Sighs ):- I know that game . Five times in a day is a little bit too much . Well , you better look sharp and get a copy of our correspondence in the Delacour case for Mr. Alleyne ..
( Farrington goes upstairs to Mr. Alleyn's room where he finds Mr. Delacour talking intimately with Mr. Alleyne . He keeps the copy of contract on Mr. Allevne's table and bows humbly but nobody carvis to notice his bow . )
Mr. Alleyne : ( Tapping a finger ) That's all right , you can go .
( Farrington comes down to his table and starts writing . When the clock strikes five . he finds he still has fourteen pages left . He shivers . )
Mr. Farrington : ( looking at the pages he has copied ) Blast me ! Blast me ! Mistakes again ! I've written Bernard Bernard in stead of Bernard Bodley and have to start again on a clean sheet . Damn it !
( Suddenly Farrington finds Mr. Alleyne and Miss Delacour standing in front of him ) ( Humbly ) : Yes , Sir ....
Mr. Alleyne :- Oh shut up Farrington ! Again ... again it's you who stand respon sible for everything ....
Mr. Farrington:- What ... what Sir ? I'm not getting you properly .
Mr. Alleyne:- Don't look callous . Two letters from Miss Delacour's case are missing and I hold you responsilble for everything . Got my point ?
Mr. Farrington : Truely speaking . Sir , I know nothing about those two letters .
Mr. Alleyne : ( mimicking Farrington ) I ... know ... nothing . Tell me , do you take me for a fool ? Do you think I'm a fool ?
Mr. Farrington : ( Defends himself ) I don't . think Sir , that ... that's a fair question to put to me .
Mr. Alleyne:- Again ? Again ? you .... you impertinent ruffian ! I'll make things difficult for you ! Wait till you see !
Scene - IV
( Farrington returns home , goes in through the side door and finds the kitchen empty and the kitchen fire nearly out . )
Farrington ( Shouting ):- Ada ! Ada ! ( A little boy comes running down the stairs . ) Who is that ?
Tom : Me , pa .
Farrington:- Who are you ? Charlie ?
Tom :- No. pa . Tom .
Farmington:- Where's your mom ?
Tum : She's out at the Chapel .
Farrington:- That's nonsense ! Did she think of leaving any dinner for me ?
Tom : Pa , I ...
Farrington:- Light the lamp . What do you mean by having the place in darkness ? Is the other child in bed ?
( He aits down on one of the chairs heavily When the box lights the lamp Farrington bange his fet on the table )
Farrington : What's for my dinner ?
Tom : I'm going to cook it for you , Pa.
Farrington:- ( Jumps up and points to the fire on that fire ! You let the fire out ! By God , I'll teach you to do that again !
I'll teach you a lesson today !
Tom : ( erize bitterly O. Pa ! Pa , lesve me please !
Farrington:- Now , you won't let the fire out the next time ! take that , you little whelp !
Tom : O , Pa ! Don't beat me , Pa ! And I'll .. I'll say a Hail Mary for you .. I'll says Hail Mary for you , Pa , if you don't beat me ... I'll say a Hail Mary ....
[ Curtains ]
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CONCLUSION
On completion of the project , we have learnt the following :
( i ) How to transform a story into a good theatrical script .
( ii ) How to enjoy group activities .
( iii ) How to develop skills in writing dialogues and communication .
( iv ) How to place correct language in the proper context .
( v ) The necessity of body language , gestures in communication .
(Vi ) Others can develop an idea about how to dramatize a story . This script can be used as a model for future students .
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References
1. Zenith Roy& Manas Chattopadhyay, Higher Secondary English Guide,Kolkata,2017.
2. Chakraborty & Chakraborty, Higher Secondary English Digest, Kolkata,2017.
3. Dr. P.C Dhar & P.K Ray, Smart English, Kolkata,2015.
4. W.B.C.H.S.E Text Book.
5. A. S Hornby, Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Eight Edition, 2010.
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James Joyce
Born:- 2 February , 1882.
Died:- 13 january, 1941.
Page:-2
Project Work
on
Dramatization of a story
Selfish Giant
- Oscar Wilde
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Page:-3
Acknowledgement
This project has given me golden opportunity for learning through and self development collaborative activities . I want to thank respected Mr. ____________ to whom I owe specially for preparing this project based on the beautiful story , entitled 'Selfish Giant' written by Oscar Wilde.
I do want to extend my heartfelt thanks to my friends , parents and others who helped me in various ways to make a final draft of this work and submit the same to our school .
Signature of the student
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Page:- 4
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Project Report entitled dramatization of Oscar Wilde's short story 'Selfish Giant' prepared by __________, Class:- XI Roll :- ______, Registration No:- _____, Year 2022-23 submitted in partial fulfillment to class XI English Course during the academic year 2022-23 is a bonafide record of project work carried out under my guidance and supervision .
Signature of the Project Guide
____________________
Name:-
Designation:-
Department:-
School:-
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Page:-5
CONTENTS
* Acknowledgement.
* Certificate.
* Introduction.
* Procedures & Input.
* Output of the Project.
* Conclusion.
* References.
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Page:-6
Introduction
As per the new syllabus , Project work has been included as a part of the curriculum .
objectives:-
The main objectives of our project work are -
i) Finding out the structural divisions of a story .
ii) Visualizing the story in Indian context .
iii) Adding Indian flavor to the strong .
Guiding Principle:-
i) We should try to locate its difference from Indian cultures .
ii) Then we must try to fit in the writing into Indian context .
iii) We should use our daily life experience of Indian culture and society by adding enough Indian words.
Limitations:-
( i ) The length for the whole project was solely 10 periods .
( ii ) It took a long time to select the exact piece of writing which could be transformed .
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Page:-7
Procedures & Input.
For the dramatization of Oscar Wilde's short story 'Selfish Giant' we worked in groups and sometimes in pairs through a systematic process . Our teacher fixed 10 interventions for completing the project . The details of our activities are enumerated below :
First intervention : On the first day , we discussed some of the stories . Then we minutely listened to all the stories and selected Oscar Wilde's short story 'Selfish Giant'.
Second intervention : On the second day , our teacher taught us different aspects of Indian society and culture .
Third invention : On the third day , we tried to locate the differences of the story from an Indian story .
Fourth intervention : On the fourth day , we started to change the story so that it looks Indian .
Fifth intervention : On the fifth day , we prepared the draft of our Indian version of the story . Then we read out our manuscripts .
Sixth intervention : On the sixth day , we selected the best manuscript . Then we worked together for its further betterment .
Seventh intervention : On the seventh day , we prepared the final manuscript .Then we read out the manuscript in the presence of our teacher .
Eighth intervention : On the eighth day , the photocopies of the final manuscript were distributed among the students for review .
Ninth intervention : On the ninth day , each group read out their reviews before of the class .
Tenth intervention : Students shared their experience with the teacher . The project report was submitted for evaluation and assessment .
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Output of the Project.
SCENE : ONE
Stage Preparation : The stage should be arranged as if it is a garden. There will be green carpet on the stage. There will be small flowering trees on the stage. There will be some flowers in it. As soon as the curtain rises, the audience can see some children playing on the stage.
Boy 1 : Wow ! What a lovely garden !
Boy 2 : Yes , it is the most wonderful garden in the world .
Boy 3 : How happy we are here !
Boy 1 & 2 : Yes we are very happy here .
[ They started playing again . After a while the giant came on the stage . ]
Giant ( cried in a very gruff voice ) : What are you doing here ? I visited with my friend Cornish Ogre seven years ago . And during that time , you are misusing my beautiful garden ? You children ! What are you doing here ?
[ The children are very scared to see the giant . They fled from the stage . ]
Giant : My own garden is my own garden, any one can understand that, and I will allow nobody to play in it but myself. I will build a high wall all round it, and will put up a notice-board , commanding ( loud )
SCENE : TWO
Stage : Remove everything that was on stage in the first scene ,the stage will be completely empty .
[ A few children entered the stage. ]
Boy 1 : He is a selfish giant .
Boy 2 : Yes , very selfish .
Boy 3 : We are feeling very poor .
Boy 4 : We have nowhere to play .
Boy 1 : We tried to play on the road . But the road was very dusty and full of hard stones . We do not like it .
Boy 2 : I used to wander round the high wall when my lessons were over and thought about the beautiful garden inside .
All the boys : How happy we were there !
[ Suddenly a boy entered the stage ]
The new boy : Friends , friends ………… I have a good news for all of you .
Boy 1 & 2 : Good news ! What is it ?
The new boy : I noticed a small hole in the wall in the giant’s garden .
Boy 2 : But if we enter , the giant will throw us away from there .
The new boy : No , no …… I think he is sleeping .
Boy 3 & 4 : Are you sure ?
The new boy : I think so .
Boy 1 & 2 : Ok , let’s go to the garden .
[ They left the stage and the giant came . ]
Giant : The Spring came all over the country . There are little blossoms and little birds. But only in my garden it is still winter. The birds do not care to sing in it as here are no children, and the trees forget to blossom. The only people who are pleased are the Snow and the Frost. Spring has forgotten this garden . I cannot understand why the Spring is so late in coming . I hope there will be a change in the weather.
SCENE : THREE
Stage Preparation : As same as the first scene .
Giant : I am seeing the most wonderful sight . I can't believe that spring has come . But how is it possible ? ( Looking here and there ) I think the children came into the garden so the spring came . ( Loud ) Hey boys ….
[ But the children are terrified when they see the giant and try to escape .]
Giant : Hey boys don’t go away . I am a giant , but now your friend .
[ The boys stopped , looking at each other’s faces . Giant came closer to them . ]
Giant : Look boys , I am now very decent . You may consider me as your friend . You can play here whenever you wish .
[ The boys are looking very happy . They started playing . But a kid, who is too young, cannot play . The giant noticed him . ]
Giant : Hey , little one , why are you not playing ?
The little kid : I am too tiny . So I can not play .
Giant : Ok , I will play with you .
[ Then the giant started playing with the little kid . The stage light faded . The stage went completely dark . It was heard from the background : ‘ Next Day ’ . The stage lit up again . Boys are playing in the garden . The giant is looking for someone .]
Giant ( to a boy ) : Hey where is he ?
The boy : Who ?
Giant : Your little companion ?
The boy : I do not understand whom you are talking about .
Giant : The little kid , I played with him yesterday .
The boy : I do not see him right now .
Giant : Ok , keep continue your playing .
[ Again stage light faded and the stage went into complete darkness . A background voice heard : ‘Next Day’ . The stage lit up again .]
Giant : Hey boys , where is your little companion ?
A boy : We haven't seen him in recent days .
Giant : You must tell him to be sure and come here to-morrow . I love him most because we played together .
SCENE : FOUR
The Giant grew very old and feeble. He could not play about any more, so he sat in a huge armchair, and watched the children at their games, and admired his garden.
Giant : I have many beautiful flowers, but the children are the most beautiful flowers of all.
[ Children are playing . After a while , they left the stage . The giant is alone on the stage . After a few moments , the little kid entered the stage . The giant noticed him . He is surprised . He start running towards the little kid . ]
Giant : Hey , little friend , Where have you been all this time?
[ Suddenly he noticed the arm of the little boy and his face grew red with anger . ]
Giant : Who hath dared to wound thee? The prints of two nails, and the prints of two nails on your little feet. Who hath dared to wound thee? ( cried ) tell me, that I may take my big sword and slay him.
The little kid : Nay ! But these are the wounds of Love.
Giant ( surprised ) Who art thou ?
[ The Giant knelt before the little child. ]
The little kid ( smiled at the Giant ) : You let me play once in your garden, to-day you shall come with me to my garden, which is Paradise.
SCENE : FIVE
[ The kids entered the stage to play. Upon entering, they saw the giant lying on one side of the garden . ]
Boy 1 : Hey giant , why are you sleeping . Let’s play .
Boy 2 ( Noticing the giant carefully ) Oh my god ! He is dead .
[ Hearing this, all the children broke down in tears. After a while they picked flowers from the garden and spread them on the body of the giant. ]
[ Curtain down slowly . ]
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Conclusion
The project we undertook was completed within scheduled time limit . After completing the project we have learnt the following :
( i ) How to transform a story rich in dramatic elements into a successful play .
( ii ) How to make the play lively by adding suitable dialogues .
( iii ) The utility of stage performance in learning the target language . ( iv ) How to enjoy group work .
( v ) How to develop essential skills such as collaboration , communication , and critical thinking .
( vi ) How to use language in context.
( vii ) The importance of tone and modulation in speech .
( viii ) The importance of body language or gesture in communication .
-----------------------------------------------------
References
1. Zenith Roy& Manas Chattopadhyay, Higher Secondary English Guide,Kolkata,2017.
2. Chakraborty & Chakraborty, Higher Secondary English Digest, Kolkata,2017.
3. Dr. P.C Dhar & P.K Ray, Smart English, Kolkata,2015.
4. W.B.C.H.S.E Text Book.
5. A. S Hornby, Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Eight Edition, 2010.
page:-1
INDIANIZATION OF WRITING OF SOME ENGLISH WRITER
ENTITLED
" SELFISH GIANT "
By:- Oscar Wilde
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page:-2
BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project report entitled " INDIANIZATION OF OSCAR WILDE'S SHORT STORY , SELFISH GIANT ' submitted by --------; class:- -----; Roll no:- ----; Registration No:- ----; academic year 2023-24 is a bona fide record of work done under my supervision .
----------------------------
Signature of the project guide with date
Name:-
Designation:-
Department:-
School:-
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page:- 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project ' INDIANIZATION OF OSCAR WILDE'S SHORT STORY , SELFISH GIANT ' has given me an extensive scope of learning through group activities . I consider myself lucky to work under ----------, whose support made our project quite interesting . We are thankful to him .
I would like to thank ----------- for his sincere help in making the project reach the shore .
Last but not least , I am thankful to all my friends and family members who helped me to complete the project .
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Signature of the student
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page:- 4
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES .
OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT .
CONCLUSION .
REFERENCE .
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page:- 5
INTRODUCTION
In India, English is treated as the official language . It is a mejor medium to communicate in the provinces of India as there is a lot of diversification in languages . We the Indians , use several English words in our daily life . In the case of literature , our Indian writers are greatly influenced by the English writers like Charles Dickens , Thomas Hardy , Oscar Wilde and so many . Many Indian writers wrote there stories and novels in English and became famous . Indianisation of the stories of Dickens , Hardy or Oscar Wilde are easy and possible . Because there stories are more appealing to the Indians . The aim of the project is to develop the imaginative power and it is also helps to improve language . The student carefully read the story and develops his own idea to Indianise the same story in his own way . The student can think of different situation in the Indian background . This project creates liking for literature .
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page:-6
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES .
On the first day , we discussed some of the stories . Atlast we selected INDIANIZATION OF WRITING OF SOME ENGLISH WRITER ENTITLED " SELFISH GIANT " by Oscar Wilde.
On the second day , our teacher tough us different aspects of Indian society and culture .
On the third day , we tried to locate the differences of the story from Indian story .
On the fourth day , we started changing the story so that it looks Indians .
On the fifth day , we prepared the draft of our Indian version of the story .
On the sixth day , we worked together for its further betterment . We read our manuscript in the presence of our teacher .
On the seventh day , we shared our experience with the teacher . The project report was submitted for evaluation and assessment .
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page:-7
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page:-8
CONCLUSION .
Our project was duely completed with in the given time . After completing , we have learnt the following--
( 1 ) To find an acquaintance with contemporary Indian writers of English language think in there own way .
( ii ) Have an opinion about Indian writings in English .
( iii ) Get to see how these writing work if they were written in Indian context .
( iv ) This could be an introduction to writing English .
( v ) Indian writings can be developed in the same way if they are given a touch of pure English .
( vi ) This can be used as a model script in future for other students of English as second language .
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REFERENCE
National curriculum Framework , NCERT , 2005 .
Naganathan Ramanujan : Project work to promote English language learning , British council , 2011 .
Sasmal , Dilip K , Ghose , PP : Higher Secondary English Success , Katha o Kahini Prokashani , 2018 .
Chakraborty and Chakraborty : Higher Secondary English Digest , Moulik library , 2018 . Website : Google , Wikipedia .
