Joining

 Joining.

দুটি বা তার বেশি sentence কে যুক্ত করে একটি sentence এ পরিণত করাকে synthesis বা joining বলে।

* প্রধাণত তিনটি উপায়ে joining করা যায় :- 

i) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি simple sentence এ পরিণত করা।

ii) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি compound sentence এ পরিণত করা

iii) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি complex sentence এ পরিণত করা।

i) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি simple sentence এ পরিণত করা:-

a) verb এর সঙ্গে ing বা ed যোগ করে participle তৈরি করে দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

[verb+ed / verb+ing] [be+ing + noun/ adj] [have+ ing + v3]

যেমন:- 

He saw a snake. He ran away. (Joining) = seeing a snake he ran away.

ex:-

All the answers  were different. The Tsar agreed with none. (Join using participle)

= All the answers being different the tsar agreed with none.

b)  Verb এর আগে to বসিয়ে infinitive তৈরি করে দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

যেমন :- I have some duties. I must perform them. (Joining) = I have some duties to perform.

I have a daughter. I must get her married. (Joining) = I have a daughter to get married.

c) যখন একাধিক বাক্যের Noun একই ব্যক্তিকে বা বস্তুকে নির্দেশ করে তখন কমা(,) চিহ্ন দিয়ে  বা একটি subject করে একটি simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

যেমন:- 

Akbar was emperor of India. He was one of the greatest king of his time. (Joining)

= Akbar, the emperor of India, was one of the greatest king of his time.

ii) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি compound sentence এ পরিণত করা:-

a) নিম্নলিখিত সংযোজক অব্যয় বসিয়ে  দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি compound sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

 And, both -and, not only -but also, as well as (সংযুক্ত)

but, yet, however (বিপরীতার্থক বোঝালে)

either -or, neither -nor(দুটির মধ্যে একটি বিকল্প বোঝালে)

for, so, therefore, so (সিদ্ধান্ত বোঝালে)

যেমন:- we will do. We will die. (Joining) 

= Either we will do or we will die. (যেহেতু দুটির মধ্যে একটি বিকল্প বুঝিয়েছে)

I was ill. I could not go. (Joining)

= I was ill so I could not go. (যেহেতু সিদ্ধান্ত বুঝিয়েছে)

Shivaji was a brave. He was honest. (Joining)

= Shivaji was both brave and honest. ( যেহেতু দুটি বিকল্পকে বুঝিয়েছে)

iii) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি complex sentence এ পরিণত করা :-

a) Adjective clause দ্বারা( Who, Which, What বসিয়ে)

যেমন:- You gave me a book. It was nice. (Join  into a complex)

= You gave me a book which was nice. (মনে রাখতে হবে Anticident বা নির্দেশক এর পাশেই  Who, Which, What বসাতে হবে।)

b) Noun clause দ্বারা ( that, what, where, বসিয়ে)

যেমন:- He is a mad man. I know it. = I know that he is a mad man.

c) Adverbial clause দ্বারা ( as, since, when, if, untill বসিয়ে)

যেমন:-  you must read hard. You will pass. (Joining)

= If you must read hard, you will pass.

উদাহরণ:-

1. The tsar stoped. He repeated his questions. (Complex)

The Tsar stopped when he repeated his questions.

Transformation of sentence

simple to compound :-

And, both -and, not only -but also, as well as (সংযুক্ত)

but, yet, however (বিপরীতার্থক বোঝালে)

either -or, neither -nor(দুটির মধ্যে একটি বিকল্প বোঝালে)

for, so, therefore, so (সিদ্ধান্ত বোঝালে)

Ex:- It was her eyes I noticed, not her hair. (Compound)

I noticed her eyes but I did not notice her hair.

The boy could hear other roomers laughing and talking in the large house. (Compound)

the other roomers were laughing and talking in the large house and the boy could hear it.

Simple to complex:-

a) Adjective clause দ্বারা( Who, Which, What বসিয়ে)

Ex:- Summer's lease hath all too short a date. (Complex)

= Summer's lease hath a date which is too short.

Aunts are usually formidable creatures. (Complex)

Annts are usually creatures which is formidable.

All the answers being different, the tsar agreed with none of them. (Complex)

As all the answers being different, the tsar agreed with none of them.

I resolved to kill you. (Complex)

It was I who resolved to kill you.

We lived in our ancestral house. (Complex)

We lived in our house which was ancestral.

I had the train compartment to myself up to Rohana. (Complex)

It was I who had the train compartment to myself up to Rohana.

It was upto Rohana that I had the train compartment upto myself.

I moved easily along the berth and felt for the window ledge. (Complex)

When I moved easily along the berth, I felt for the window ledge.

The train gathered speed, the wheels took up their song. (Complex)

= When the train gathered speed, the wheels took up their song.

Her voice had the sparkle of a mountain stream. (Complex)

It is her voice that had the sparkle of a mountain stream.

b) Noun clause দ্বারা ( that, what, where, বসিয়ে)

c) Adverbial clause দ্বারা ( as, since, when, if, untill বসিয়ে)