BROTHERHOOD

 VIVEKANANDA COACHING CENTRE

CLASS:-XII, SUB:-ENGLISH(B)

POEM:- BROTHERHOOD

A. Choose the corect alternative from the given options :-

1. 'I too am written ' -- Who writes the poet? -- God/ reader/ night/ stars.

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2. 'I too am written ' -- I refers to --- God/ a human being/ the Stars / the univers.

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3. In Brotherhood, the night is described as --- small/ enormous / insignificant / none.

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4. The language in which 'Brotherhood' was originally written --- French/ German/ Maxican/ Spanish.

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5. In the poem “Brotherhood” the night is –--enormous/ dark /short / silent.

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6. In the poem “Brotherhood”, the poet’s fate is written by –-- the moon /  the night/ the sun / the stars. 

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7. What is called ‘enormous’ in the poem “Brotherhood”? – -- night / universe / stars / the poet. 

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8. “Unknowing I understand” – implies –-- one cannot understand the unknowing /  one can understand without knowledge /  one can understand intuitively /  one understands the unknowing.

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9. To whom is the poem “Brotherhood” dedicated by Octavio Paz?---  to his brother / to the concept of brotherhood/  Claudius Ptolemy /  to his wife.

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10 . The poem " Brotherhood " was written by  --- William Wordsworth  / H.W. Longfellow / Robert Browning  / Octavio Paz.

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11. In the poem " Brotherhood " , the sky is covered with --- mist / stars  / cloud  / sunlight.

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12. In "Brotherhood" , the poet's life on earth is for a ---  long period / short period / very very long period /  none of these. 

Answer:- 

13. The poet in Brotherhood identifies himself first as a --- poet/ man/ love of God / stranger.

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B. Answer the following questions each in a single sentence :-

1. How is the night described in 'Brotherhood'? (Sub + Aux + V3 + ----)

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2. To Whom does Octavio Paz homage through this poem? (Sub + (V+es/s) + ---- + Obj)

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3. Who is Claudius Ptolemy? (Sub+ Aux + ----)

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4. 'Unknowing I understand ' --- What did the poet understand? (Sub + V2 + That + ----)

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5. Why does the poet look up? {Sub+(V+es/s) + because + -----)

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6. Who controls the whole universe? (--- + (v+es/s) + obj)

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7. "Little do I last.'' --- What does this line indicate? (Sub+ (v+es/s) + -----)

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8. What does the stars control in the poem ''Brotherhood'' ? (Sub+(v+es/s) + -----+obj)

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9. ''Someone spells me out.'' --- What does this 'Someone' refer to? {Sub+(V+es/s) + p+ ----}

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10. What is enoromous? (--- Aux+ obj)

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11. ''But I look up'' --- Where does the poet look up? {Sub+(V+es/s) + p+ ----}

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12. ''I too am written.'' --- Who is written by Whom? (----+Aux+v³+ ---)

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13. What type of poem is Brotherhood? (Sub+Aux+ -----)

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1. " I too am writte " --- From where is the line extracted ? Who is the poet ?  Who is referred to ' I ' ? How is ' I ' too written ?

Or,

Write the substance of the poem . 

Or,

What is the challenge in the line " Unknowing I understand ? "

Ans :- The above line has been extracted from the poem The Brotherhood ' . 

Octavio Paz ' is the poet of the poem . 

Here ' I ' refers to the poet  , Octavio Paz .

The poet , Octavio Paz , has set himself against the universe . According to the poet the purpose of his life has been written in the sky . This act of writing , far from being casual , is a deliberate act . But the very same little figure looks upward , reads the sky , and unknown to himself learns that he has a very special place in the scheme of the universe . This is the challenge that we are unknown about our destiny . We understand it . But we have a sense of visibility which is the definiteness of an iden tity in the universe .

INTERCHANGE OF PART OF SPEECH

 INTERCHANGE OF PART OF SPEECH

1. সাধারণত Noun কে ly যোগ করলে Adjective ও Adjective কে ly যোগ করলে Adverb হয়।

2.  preposition + noun = Adverb / Adjective

3. Adverb থেকে Adjective (manner) = in + a/an adjective + manner /way.

4. Sub + has /have /had + noun.

5. Sub + verb + article + adverb + adj + noun.

6. Sub + be verb / linking verb + adjective.

1. Adjective to Noun বা Noun to Adjective:-

আমরা মনে রাখব Preposition + Noun = Adjective ও Adverb হয়। তাহলে Adjective থেকে Noun বানাতে preposition ও noun বসাতে হবে। কিংবা Adverb থেকে noun বানাতে preposition ও noun বসাতে হবে। অন্যদিকে noun থেকে  Adjective ও Adverb বানাতে preposition ও noun এর বদলে Adjective বা Adverb টি বসাবো। যেমন :- 

1. Your face is dirty. (Rewrite as noun) = your face is with dirt.

2.  He did it honestly. (Rewrite as Noun) = He did it with honest.

3. I moved easily along with the berth and felt for the window ledge. (Rewrite as Noun)

=I moved with easy along the berth and felt for the window ledge.

4. There were quite a lot of hindu families too, living amicably with their muslim neighbours. (Noun)

= There were quite a lot of hindu families too, living with a amicablenees with their muslim neighbour.

2.  Adverb টি যদি কোন পন্থা বা পদ্ধতি(manner) সম্পর্কে কিছু বলে তবে Adjective বানাতে in+a/an + adj + manner বসাতে হবে।

যেমন:- 1.you want me to talk to you calmly and politely. (Adj)

= You want me to talk to you in a calm and polite manner.

2. 

3. Verb থেকে Noun বানাবার সময় আমরা মনে রাখব যেহেতু আমরা verb কে Noun বানাতে যাচ্ছি তাই একটি আলাদা করে verb নিয়ে আসতে হবে। তারপর noun বানাতে পারব। Noun বাক্যের প্রথমে কিংবা শেষে কিংবা মাঝখানেও বসাতে পাবর।

1. He rests at ease. (Rewrite as noun) = He takes rest as ease.

2. I wished to kill you. (Rewrite as noun) = My wise was to kill you./ I had the wise to kill you.

3. Madam, please be silent. (Rewrite as Noun) = Madam, please keep silent.

4. The hermit listen to the Tsar but answered nothing. (Rewrite as Noun) 

= The hermit listen to the Tsar but gave no answer.

5. The hermit proclaimed throughout his kingdom (rewrite as Noun)

= He had the proclamation throughout the kingdom.

6. The bleeding bark will heal. (Verb)

= The bark that bleed will heal.

ASLEEP IN THE VALLEY

 VIVEKANANDA COACHING CENTRE

 TUTOR : - SWAPAN KUMAR RAY ( M.A , B.ED)

POEM : - ASLEEP IN THE VALLEY.

 A. complete each of the following sentences , choosing the correct option from the alternatives provided : 

1. ' Asleep in the valley ' is written by ---- Gieve Patel / Arthur Rimbaud / William Shakespeare / john Keats .

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2. ' Asleep in the valley ' is the poem about --  love / war / relationship / Young boy.

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3. ' Asleep in the valley ' is --- Italian sonnet / Shakespearean sonnet / modern sonnet / none of above.

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 4. Rimbaud's nationality was Dutch / French / German / Russian . 

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5. The poet wrote the poem when French was involved in war with -- Germany / Russia / Spain / Portugal . 

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 6. The poem ' Asleep in the valley ' contains --- 12 lines / 14 lines / 16 lines / 10 lines . 

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 7. One hand of the soldier is on his -- face / gun / breast / side .

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8. The soldier's pillow is made of --  flowers / fern / grass / leaves .

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 9. The marks of wound of the soldier are -- on his leg / on his head / on his chest / on his side . 

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10.  The sunrays fall from the -- trees / sky / mountain top / roof top . 

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11. The stream flows -- fast / slowly / swiftly/quickly.

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12. The soldier has --- red holes on his body. -- one/two/three/four . 

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13. The insects are  -- humming / hopping / chirping / buzzing.

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14. The poem reflects --  the pity of war / the glory of war / the beauty of the valley / the beauty of the nature .

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15. The overall colour of the valley is -- yellow / green / blue / red .

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 16. The soldier's bed is warm , green and ---- soft / sun soaked / damp / cold . 

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17. The poet asks the nature to keep the soldier ---- warm / safe / dry / lovely . 

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18. The dead soldier was ---- not very young / middle aged / very young / an aged person . 

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19. The soldier lies --- calmly / open - mouthed / patiently / with open eyes .  

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20. The dead soldier looks ---- cold / warm / pale / sun - soaked . 

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 21. The smile of the soldier is ---- gentle / witty / foolish / cunning . 

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22. Whom does the poet direct to keep the soldier warm ? ---- sun / nature / God / mountain .

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23. The two red holes depict ---- blood colts / stab marks / bullet wounds / none of above . 

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  24. The feet of the soldier were among -- the forest / flowers / bushes / fruits . 

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25. The smile of the soldier was like -- a moon / sun shine / an infant / flower . 

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 26. What is the colour of the stream ? ---- black / golden / silver / green . 

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27. The soldier looks ---- healthy / angry / handsome / pale . 

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28. The colour depicted at the end of this poem is ---- black / yellow / blue / red .

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B. answer the following questions, each in a complete sentence :-

1. What comes from the mountain top? { --- + (v+es/s) +p + obj)

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2. How does the stream look like in the poem ' Asleep in the valley ' ?  ( Sub + ( V + es / s ) + ---)

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4. Where does the slow stream flow ?  {Sub + ( V + es / s ) + P + ----- }

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3. What kind of grass is found on the bank of the stream ?  ( --- + Aux + V3 + Obj ) 

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5. Who wrote " Le Dormeur du val " ? ( ---  + V² + Obj )

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6. What is the small green valley filled with ? ( Sub + Aux + v3 + p + ---)

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7. " they fill the hollow full of light " ---- What does the ' hollow ' describe ?  { Sub + ( V + es / s ) + --- } 

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8. What is the soldier's pillow is made of ?  ( Sub + Aux +v3 + p + ---)

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9. In what manner does the soldier lie in the countryside ? ( Sub + ( V + es / s ) + ---)

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 10. Why was the soldier lying open - mouthed ? {Sub + Aux + ( V + ing ) + Obj + Because + ---) 

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11. What does the ' heavy undergrowth ' refer to ? {Sub + ( V + es + s ) + P + ---}

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12. Why is the soldier pale ? ( Sub + Aux + V + Because + ---)

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 13 Why did  the poet ask nature to keep the soldier warm ? ( Sub + V2+ Obj +  Because ---)

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14. " He may catch cold " --  Why does the poet fear so?  { Sub ( V + es/s ) + so + as + ---}

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15. Where are the feet of the soldier ? ( Sub + Aux + P + ---)

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16. " The humming insects don't disturb his rest " - Why ?  ( Sub + can't + V + Obj + Because + ---)

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 17. Where is the young soldier lying ? {Sub + Aux + ( V + ing ) + P + --- }

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  18. What are the sun rays compared with ? ( Sub + Aux + V3 + P + ---)

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 19. What did  the sun rays do ? ( Sub + V² + ---)

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20. What do the ' two red holes ' in the poem " Asleep in the valley " signify ? ( Sub + V + --- )

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C. Answer the following questions within 100 words:- 

1. Give a description of the valley as found in Rimbaud's poem , " Asleep in the valley " . 

 Or , Bring out the natural scenery described in the poem ' Asleep in the valley ' . 

 Ans : - In the poem ' Asleep in the valley " Rimbaud portrays a fine picture of a valley . The valley is small . It is green with grass . A stream flows across it gently . From the mountain top the sunrays are coming . The warm rays of the sun fill the hollow of the valley with light . All around are dunes bushes and plants . The flowers are blooming brightly in the valley . It helps the soldier sleep peacefully . Even the humming insects do not disturb him. In short , the valley enjoys the richest  wealth of nature . 

2. Justify the title of the poem Asleep in the valley . " 

Ans : Asleep in the valley means sleeping in a valley . The poem reflects that a very young soldier is lying on the ground of a valley open - mouthed with a innocent smile . The poet thinks that the soldier is sleeping peacefully in the open sunlight . So , the poet requests the nature to keep him warm and to the insects not to disturb his rest. Suddenly two red holes are noticed by the side of his body which indicates that the young soldier is already dead . His sleep is eternal sleep and he will never wake again . Through this poem Rimbaud describes the futility of war . War only catches young life . So the title is suggestive and appropriate . 

3. Write the central idea of the poem " Asleep in the valley . " 

Or , Discuss " Asleep in the valley " as an anti - war poem .

Ans Arthur Rimbaud's ' Asleep in the valley ' is a beautiful poem dealing with death of a young soldier . The central idea of the poem is  the futility of war . The poem presents before us a picture of a young  soldier who is lying in a valley amongst the flowers and the humming insects. With one hand on his chest , the soldier lies open mouthed smiling like an innocent child . This scenes suddenly turns into a brutal one when we find the ' two red holes ' in his side . The bullet marks at the side of his body sets the soldier in contrast with the whole landscape . 

4. " Ah , nature keep him warm ; he may catch cold . " Who is he ? Why may he catch cold ? Why does the poet ask Nature to keep him warm ?

Ans : He refers to the very young soldier who is asleep in the valley . 

He may catch cold as he is lying under the open sky . The poet ask nature to keep him warm . 

Rimbaud requests the nature to keep the soldier warm . Actually he ironically portrays the futility of war . The nature cannot make the person alive who was already dead . A cold lifeless body can never receive warmth again . The irony in the request expresses the dark side of war and the consequence of violence . 

2. ' In his side there are two holes .'- Who is the person referred to here ? What do the two red holes signify ?

 Ans : - A young soldier is referred to here in the poem ' Asleep in The Valley ' .

 The two red holes are noticed by the side of the soldiers body which depicts that the young soldier is already dead . The poem reflects that a very young soldier is lying on the ground of a valley open - mouthed with a innocent smile . The poet thinks that the soldier is sleeping peacefully in the open sunlight . So , the poet requests the nature to keep him warm and to the insects not to disturb his rest. Suddenly two red holes are noticed by the side of his body which indicates that the young soldier is already dead . His sleep is eternal sleep and he will never wake again . Through this poem Rimbaud evokes the futility of war . War only catches young life .

ON KILLING A TREE

 VIVEKANANDA COACHING CENTRE

 TUTOR : -SWAPAN KUMAR RAY ( M.A ) 

VERSE : -ON KILLING A TREE 

A. complete each of the following sentences , choosing the correct option from the alternatives provided :-

1. A tree grows up absorbing sunlight, air and water for --- days / months / years / weeks.

Ans :-

 2. ' On Killing a Tree ' is written in - blank verse / free verse / heroic verse / reymed couplet.

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3. Killing a tree is not possible with ---  a hack of an axe / a jab of the knife / injecting poison / several blows of hammer .

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 4. The bark of the tree is described as " leprous ' because ---  it is soft and smooth / it is wounded by  the knife / it is rough and has marks / it is glossy and shining .

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5. The ' curled green twigs ' rise from ---  the earth's cave / the unrooted tree / close to the ground / the rough bark . 

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6. ' Miniature boughs ' - the word ' boughs ' means --- leaves / roots / branches / stems .

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7. ' Miniature boughs ' -- the word ' miniature ' means --- small / very small / not so big / very big .

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8. The root needs to be pulled out of the --- soil / anchoring earth / underground / none of these .

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9. The tree has grown out of the earth --- slowly / quickly / peacefully / rapidly . 

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10. The task of killing of tree is  --- ceremonial / methodical / logical / controversial . 

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11. The source of the tree is ---  White / green / pale / black . 

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12. The most sensitive part of the tree is --- the roots / the leaves / the twigs / the seeds . 

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13. Green twigs rising out of the severed stem are --- curled / straight / shining / broken . 

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14. The first step of uprooting a tree is to --- dig the earth / tie a rope / pull it out / none of these.

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15. The root is --- pale and wet / green / yellowish / White and wet . 

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16. The uprooted tree is left in the --- field / sun / sand / seashore.

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 17. An uprooted tree is scorched in --- air / sun / water / fire.

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 18. The most sensitive part of the tree is the --- roots / bark / twigs / leaves . 

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19. The roots have laid hidden in the soil for --- centuries / months / days / years .

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20. A tree will not be completely dead until it ---  turns brown / hardens / withers / gets twisted . 

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21. ' And then it is done here it refers to the process of ---  killing / scarching / choking / twisting . 

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22. Not so much ---- will do it. ---  pleasure / smile / pain / work . 

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 23. But this alone won't do it' --- here ' it ' refers to ---  stabbing a tree / killing a tree / chopping a tree / whipping a tree .

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 24. The bark of the tree bleeds because of ---  stabbing / uprooting / chopping / hacking and chopping.

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25. The bleeding bark of the tree will --- come / hail / hack / heal . 

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 26. Where does irony lie in the poem ? --- that the killing is almost ceremonial / that trees don't die / that man is a killer / none .

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 27. Gleve Patel is a ---  practicing lawyer / practicing physician / popular politician / professional engineer . 

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 28. Green twigs are curled because they are ---  new / fresh / young / weak .

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29. " Feeding upon it's crust here crust means ---  earth's inner surface / top layer of the earth / bark of the tree / root of the tree . 

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30. New leaves  will appear from ---  the bark / the leaves / close to the ground / any part of a tree . 

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31. The strength of a tree is in its --- roots / leaves / fruits / hide.

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B. Answer the following questions , each in a complete sentence :-

1.  What type of poem is " On Killing a Tree " ?  ( Sub + Aux + ---- ) 

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2. What kind of task is it to kill a tree ? ( Sub + Aux + ----)

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 3. How does a tree grow ? {Sub + ( V + es / s ) + ---- } 

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4.How is the hide of the tree ? ( Sub + Aux ---- ) 

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5.  " Not so much pain will do it " --- What task does the word ' it ' refer to ?  {Sub + (V+es/s) +P + ---- )

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 7. From where would the curled green twigs rise ? ( Sub + Aux + V + P+ ----) . 

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6.  " The bleeding bark will heal "  --- Why does the bark bleed ? { Sub + ( V + es / s ) + Because + --- }

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8. What does the phrase ' earth cave ' refer to ? { Sub + ( V + es / s ) + P + ----} .

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 9. What according to Gieve Patel is the most sensitive ' part of a tree ? ( According to + Sub , ---- + Aux + Obj ) . 

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10. " And then it is done. " ---  Which act is referred to here ?  ( Sub + Aux + --- ) .

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 11. What does the word ' crust ' mean ? { Sub + ( V + es / s ) + ----}.

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 12. What are ' miniature boughs ' ? ( Sub + Aux + ----)

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13. What does the phrase , ' the anchoring earth ' mean ? {Sub + ( V + es / s ) + ---- } .

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 14. Why is the root white ? ( Sub + Aux + Obj +  Because + ----) .

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 15.  Why is the root wet ?  ( Sub + Aux + Obj + Because + ---- )

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16. What makes this poem easy to read ? ( Sub + Aux + Obj + P + --- ) . 

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 17.  " But this alone won't do it " Why does this refer to here ? { Sub + ( V + es / s ) + P + ---}

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18. How can the roots be pulled out completely ? ( Sub + V2 + ----)

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 19. " No " --- What is ' no ' ? ( Sub + Aux + ---- ) . 

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 20.  Contrast ' bleeding bark' with ' green twigs ' .. ( Sub + Aux + ----;  Sub + Aux + ---- ) . 

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 21. Why cannot a ' simple jab of knife ' kill a tree ?  ( Sub + Model + not + V + Obj + Because + ---- ) . 

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22. " It is to be roped , tied " ---  Which is to be roped and tied ?  ( ----+ Aux + Obj ) .

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23. " And then it is done ? " - When it is done ? ( When +  -----)

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24. " The source , white and wet " ---  Why are the roots called source ?  ( Sub + Aux + Obj + Because + ----) .

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25. Which part is hidden ? ( ---- + Aux + Obj ) .

 Ans : -

1. And then it is done " - What is done then and how ?

Or,

Why it is not quite easy to kill a tree ?

Ans : - Then the act of final killing of a tree is done in the poem ' On Killing a Tree ' .

 The poet declares that the process of killing a tree is a long one . A simple jab of the knife or hacking and chopping are not enough to kill a tree . The reason is that the tree has grown slowly consuming the earth and absorbing years of sunlight , air and water . What is required to kill a tree is to uproot it . The root is exposed and then , the tree roped , tied and snapped out . Thereafter , the root is kept in the sun and air to get scorched and choked . Next , the root is left in the sun till it gets hardened and becomes brown . Finally the root is twisted and withered in the sun to kill the tree completely .

 2.Justify the title of the poem " On Killing a Tree " .

Or, 

Write the substance of the poem 'On Killing a Tree'.

 Ans : - ' On Killing a Tree ' depicts the process of destroying a tree . The poet declares that the process of killing a tree is a long one . A simple jab of the knife or hacking and chopping are not enough to kill a tree . The reason is that the tree has grown slowly consuming the earth and absorbing years of sunlight , air and water . What is required to kill a tree is to uproot it . The root is exposed and then , the tree roped , tied and snapped out . Thereafter , the root is kept in the sun and air to get scorched and choked . Next , the root is left in the sun till it gets hardened and becomes brown . Finally the root is twisted and withered in the sun to kill the tree completely . Thus the poem describes the process of killing a tree . So the title is appropriate . 

3. The source , white and wet , 

The most sensitive , hidden ' ----  What is the ' source ' referred to here ? Why does the poet call the ' source ' the most sensitive ? 

Ans : - The source of the tree is it's root . The poet says that root of the tree lies hidden inside the earth for years . It is white and wet .

 It is white because it is kept under the ground for years and does not get sunlight . It is wet because it always absorbs water and minerals to make the tree alive . 

The strength of the tree lies in its root . The root gives strength to the tree . So it is source of the strength . It is the most sensitive because it has been hidden for years inside the earth . 

4. Describe the detail the growth of the tree in the first stanza . 

Ans : - In the first stanza of ' On Killing a Tree ' the poet describes the growth of the tree and the role of the earth in it's growth . The tree grows slowly , consuming the sunlight , air and water of the earth for many years . It spreads it's roots into the earth and the earth gives it's support . The newly formed green leaves begin to sprout from the hidden discolored part . Thus the tree grows up to be strong and steady , spreading it's branches and leaves . As it takes years to grow up , it cannot be simply killed within a short span of time with a single jab of the knife . 

5. 'Not a simple jab of the knife

will do it.'' --- Why is a simple jab of the knofe not enough to kill a tree? How can a tree ultimately killed?

Ans : - The tree has grown slowly consuming the earth and absorbing years of sunlight , air and water . It feels upon the earth's crust and gains much strength . The more blow of the knife , hacking and chopping cannot kill it all because new shoots come out again so , it takes much time to kill a tree . 

To kill a tree , its root is to be pulled out . The root is to be kept in the sun and air to get scorched and choked . The root is to be lift till they get dry and became brown . In time , it becomes hardened , twisted and withered .

THREE QUESTIONS 6

 VIVEKANANDA COACHING CENTRE

CLASS:- Xii; SUB:- ENGLISH(B)

TUTOR:- SWAPAN KUMAR RAY(M.A)

SHORT STORY:- THREE QUESTIONS 

1. " Here comes someone running , " ---- Who is the speaker ? Who came running ? What happened to him next ? 

 Or , How did the Tsar nurse the wounded man ? 

Ans : - The hermit is the speaker .

 A bearded man came running . 

When the bearded man came in front of the Tsar , he saw that the man was severely wounded . With the help of the hermit , the Tsar unfastened his clothes . He saw a big wound in the stomac of the man from which blood was gushing out . Tsar quickly bandaged the wound with his own handkerchief and the hermit's towel . When the bandage was soaked in blood , he rebandages it several times . When the blood stopped flowing the man revived . The Tsar gave him fresh water and with the hermit's help carried him to a bed inside the room .

 2. " You are tired . " ---- Who said this and to Whom ? What made the person tired ? What did th speaker do for him ? 

 Ans : - The Tsar said this to the wise hermit . 

When the Tsar came to the hermit , he found him digging the ground in front of his hut and he looked very tired . He was old , very weak and frail too . For every time he stuck his spade into the ground , he breathed heavily . Being . Kind hearted , the Tsar went to the old hermit . He requested him to leave the work and offered himself to do the job on his behalf . The hermit thanked to the Tsar and stopped . Then the Tsar began to dig the land . 

3. What were the questions that had occurred to the Tsar ? Why did he need correct answers to this questions ? What did he do when he was not satisfied the answers of the learned men ? 

Ans : The Tsar had three questions . 

He was eager to know the right time to start every work , who were the right people to listen to and the work that needed his utmost attention . If he gained these answers he would never make a mistake in any decision that he took 

 When he was not satisfied with the answers of learned men , he decided to meet with a hermit who lived in the wood and well known for his wisdom .

THE POETRY OF EARTH .

 VIVEKANANDA COACHING CENTRE 

POEM : - THE POETRY OF EARTH . 

POET : JOHN KEATS . 

PREPARED BY : - SWAPAN KUMAR RAY ( M.A, B.ED)

1. Complete the sentences which follow , choosing the correct answers from the alternatives given : (1Mark)

a ) Who wrote " The Poetry of Earth ' ? --- P.B Shelley / Lord Byron / Shakespeare / John Keats . 

Ans :-

b) The weed beneath which the grasshopper rests ishot / faint / pleasant / green . 

Ans:

c ) Keats was a --- nature poet / metaphysical poet / novelist / dramatist . 

Ans : 

d ) Each line of the sonnet " The Poetry of Earth ' contains ---- 8 syllables / 10 syllables / 12 syllables / 14 syllables . 

Ans : 

e ) What is the rhyme scheme of this sonnet ? --- abab cddc efa efa / abba abba cde cde / abcb abch efg efg / abba cdde efe ef . 

Ans : 

f ) A winter evening is ---hazy / silent / gloomy / delightful .

 Ans : 

g ) The octave presents the music of --- winter / summer / spring / autumn .

 Ans :

  h ) The silence in " The Poetry of Earth ' has been wrought by --- summer / winter / frost / rain . 

Ans : 

i ) The poetry of earth is never dead / enjoyable / loud / pleasing . 

Ans : 

j) The birds are faint by the --- hot summer / starvation / the cold / long flight . 

Ans :

 k ) The word ' mead ' means --- middle / meadow / a kind of bird / food . 

Ans :

 l ) The birds hide in --- shade of trees / shadow of trees / cold trees / cooling trees .

 Ans : 

m ) The expression ' cooling tree ' suggests the session of --- spring / summer / autumn / winter . 

Ans :

 n ) Grasshoppers fly  in --- autumn /  spring / winter / summer . 

Ans :

 o ) ''He takes the lead'' -- here he means  --- the summer / the grasshopper / the cricket / the poet . 

Ans : 

p ) The grasshopper takes rest beneath some --- trees / weed / flowers / bushes . 

Ans : 

q ) Who sings in winter evenings ? ---  grasshopper / cuckoo / cricket / nightingale . 

Ans :

 r ) The cricket's song increases with the increase of --- cold / loneliness / happyness / warmth . 

Ans : 

s ) The hot sun makes the birds - tired / sleepy / faint / energetic . 

Ans:

2. Answer the following questions each in a single sentence : (1Mark)

 a ) Who wrote " The Poetry of Earth ''?  ( ---- + V² + Obj ) . 

Ans : 

b) What does the cricket's song seem to ' one in drowsiness half lost ' ? {Sub + (V + es / s ) + P + Obj + ---) . 

Ans :

c) How does the cricket warm the winter frost ? { Sub + (V + es / s)  + Obj + P + ---  ) . 

Ans : 

 d ) Which seasons are mentioned in the poem " The Poetry of Earth " ? ( ---+ Aux + V³ + Obj ) . 

Ans : 

e ) What does Keats mean by " The Poetry of Earth ' ? { Sub + (V+es/s) + ------}

Ans :

 f ) How are the birds in summer according to Keats ? ( According to +Sub, Sub + Aux + ---- )

Ans : 

g ) Where do all the birds hide in Keats ' The Poetry of Earth ' ? ( Sub + V + P + --- ) . 

Ans : 

h ) Who refused to sing in hot summer ? ( --- + V² + P + Obj ) . 

Ans : 

i ) ''a voice will run . '' --- Whose voice is referred to here ? ( --- + Aux + V³ + to + Obj ) .

 Ans:

j ) Who takes the lead in summer luxury ? { Sub + (V + es / s ) + V + Obj ) .

 Ans :

 k ) Where was the grasshopper seen in summer ? ( Sub + Aux + V3 + P + --- ) . 

Ans : 

l ) Who has never done with his delights ? ( --- + Have Verb + Neg + V3+P+ Obj) . 

Ans : 

m ) Where does the grasshopper take rest ? {Sub +( V + es / s ) + V + P + --- ) . 

Ans :

 n ) Who breaks the silence of winter ?  { --- + (V + es / s) + Obj ) . 

Ans :

 o ) From where is the shrill song of the cricket heard in " The Poetry of Earth " ? ( Sub + Aux + V3+ P + --- ) .

 Ans : 

p ) What might one hear on a long cold and silent winter evening ? ( Sub + Could + V1+ ---  ) . 

Ans : 

3. Answer the following questions :- (6Marks)

a). What picture of the two seasons does Keats draw in The Poetry of Earth ? How are the two pictures related ? 

Or , 

Give the substance of the poem ' The Poetry of Earth . ' 

Or , 

What is the central idea of the poem ' The Poetry of Earth ' ?

 Or ,

 Show after Keats that the poetry of earth never comes to an end . 

Or , 

' The poetry of Earth is never dead . ' --- Explain . 

Or ,

 Justify the title of the poem ' The Poetry of Earth ' . 

Or , 

' The Poetry of Earth is casing never . ' Explain .

 Ans : -John Keats in ' The Poetry of Earth ' explain that poetry will live on this earth forever through the music of earth . When the birds become exhausted on hot summer days they take rest in the cool shade of trees . A voice of grasshopper runs from hadge to hadge to spread to music of summer . Being tired , the grasshopper takes rest beneath some pleasant weeds . The music of earth never ceases . After the grasshopper , the cricket carries the music of nature in winter . In the winter evening , the frost creates silence everywhere and the song of the cricket introduces warmth there . The person who is enchanted believes that the cricket is the grasshopper . Because the warmth of the cricket's song leads him to imagine that it is the grasshopper's song in the grassy hill during summer .

b).  " He takes the lead / in summer luxury . " --- Who takes the lead ? When does he take the lead ? What is summer luxury ? 

Or ,

 " He has never done with his delights . " --- Who is referred to as he ? Why is he never done his delights ?

 Or , 

" A voice will run . " --- Whose voice will run ? Where will the voice run ? What is the significance of the voice ? 

Ans : - The grasshopper takes the lead in the John Keats's poem " The Poetry of Earth " . When all the birds faint , stop saying and hide themselves in cooling trees on hot summer noon , the grasshopper takes the lead . He makes the season musical . Summer is pleasant , but excess heat in summer noon , it is unwelcome . But like a pleasant surprise , the grasshopper finds it delightful . It flies here and there . Even when he is tired out with fun , he rests beneath some pleasant weed to enjoy again the summer luxury with renewed energy .

Joining

 Joining.

দুটি বা তার বেশি sentence কে যুক্ত করে একটি sentence এ পরিণত করাকে synthesis বা joining বলে।

* প্রধাণত তিনটি উপায়ে joining করা যায় :- 

i) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি simple sentence এ পরিণত করা।

ii) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি compound sentence এ পরিণত করা

iii) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি complex sentence এ পরিণত করা।

i) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি simple sentence এ পরিণত করা:-

a) verb এর সঙ্গে ing বা ed যোগ করে participle তৈরি করে দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

[verb+ed / verb+ing] [be+ing + noun/ adj] [have+ ing + v3]

যেমন:- 

He saw a snake. He ran away. (Joining) = seeing a snake he ran away.

ex:-

All the answers  were different. The Tsar agreed with none. (Join using participle)

= All the answers being different the tsar agreed with none.

b)  Verb এর আগে to বসিয়ে infinitive তৈরি করে দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

যেমন :- I have some duties. I must perform them. (Joining) = I have some duties to perform.

I have a daughter. I must get her married. (Joining) = I have a daughter to get married.

c) যখন একাধিক বাক্যের Noun একই ব্যক্তিকে বা বস্তুকে নির্দেশ করে তখন কমা(,) চিহ্ন দিয়ে  বা একটি subject করে একটি simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

যেমন:- 

Akbar was emperor of India. He was one of the greatest king of his time. (Joining)

= Akbar, the emperor of India, was one of the greatest king of his time.

ii) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি compound sentence এ পরিণত করা:-

a) নিম্নলিখিত সংযোজক অব্যয় বসিয়ে  দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি compound sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

 And, both -and, not only -but also, as well as (সংযুক্ত)

but, yet, however (বিপরীতার্থক বোঝালে)

either -or, neither -nor(দুটির মধ্যে একটি বিকল্প বোঝালে)

for, so, therefore, so (সিদ্ধান্ত বোঝালে)

যেমন:- we will do. We will die. (Joining) 

= Either we will do or we will die. (যেহেতু দুটির মধ্যে একটি বিকল্প বুঝিয়েছে)

I was ill. I could not go. (Joining)

= I was ill so I could not go. (যেহেতু সিদ্ধান্ত বুঝিয়েছে)

Shivaji was a brave. He was honest. (Joining)

= Shivaji was both brave and honest. ( যেহেতু দুটি বিকল্পকে বুঝিয়েছে)

iii) দুটি simple sentence থেকে একটি complex sentence এ পরিণত করা :-

a) Adjective clause দ্বারা( Who, Which, What বসিয়ে)

যেমন:- You gave me a book. It was nice. (Join  into a complex)

= You gave me a book which was nice. (মনে রাখতে হবে Anticident বা নির্দেশক এর পাশেই  Who, Which, What বসাতে হবে।)

b) Noun clause দ্বারা ( that, what, where, বসিয়ে)

যেমন:- He is a mad man. I know it. = I know that he is a mad man.

c) Adverbial clause দ্বারা ( as, since, when, if, untill বসিয়ে)

যেমন:-  you must read hard. You will pass. (Joining)

= If you must read hard, you will pass.

উদাহরণ:-

1. The tsar stoped. He repeated his questions. (Complex)

The Tsar stopped when he repeated his questions.

Transformation of sentence

simple to compound :-

And, both -and, not only -but also, as well as (সংযুক্ত)

but, yet, however (বিপরীতার্থক বোঝালে)

either -or, neither -nor(দুটির মধ্যে একটি বিকল্প বোঝালে)

for, so, therefore, so (সিদ্ধান্ত বোঝালে)

Ex:- It was her eyes I noticed, not her hair. (Compound)

I noticed her eyes but I did not notice her hair.

The boy could hear other roomers laughing and talking in the large house. (Compound)

the other roomers were laughing and talking in the large house and the boy could hear it.

Simple to complex:-

a) Adjective clause দ্বারা( Who, Which, What বসিয়ে)

Ex:- Summer's lease hath all too short a date. (Complex)

= Summer's lease hath a date which is too short.

Aunts are usually formidable creatures. (Complex)

Annts are usually creatures which is formidable.

All the answers being different, the tsar agreed with none of them. (Complex)

As all the answers being different, the tsar agreed with none of them.

I resolved to kill you. (Complex)

It was I who resolved to kill you.

We lived in our ancestral house. (Complex)

We lived in our house which was ancestral.

I had the train compartment to myself up to Rohana. (Complex)

It was I who had the train compartment to myself up to Rohana.

It was upto Rohana that I had the train compartment upto myself.

I moved easily along the berth and felt for the window ledge. (Complex)

When I moved easily along the berth, I felt for the window ledge.

The train gathered speed, the wheels took up their song. (Complex)

= When the train gathered speed, the wheels took up their song.

Her voice had the sparkle of a mountain stream. (Complex)

It is her voice that had the sparkle of a mountain stream.

b) Noun clause দ্বারা ( that, what, where, বসিয়ে)

c) Adverbial clause দ্বারা ( as, since, when, if, untill বসিয়ে)