Note for B.A
1. Chola Naval Expedition Click Here
2. History of NorthBengal Click Here
3. হো চি মিন ও কিউবা Click Here
4. ভূমি রাজস্ব ও নবজাগরন Click Here
5. নৌ বিদ্রোহ ও মর্লে মিন্টো Click Here
6. ট্রুম্যান ও ভারতছাড়ো Click Here
7. ঠান্ডা লড়াই Click Here
8. ভারত ভুক্তি click here
9. বাংলা Mejor 2 Click Here
10. সমীহ্মা Click Here
11.5Th Sem history Click Here
12.Core 12 Click Here
13. 5Th sem Click Here
14. চীন জাপানের ইতিহাস Click Here
VIVEKANANDA COACHING CENTRE
TUTOR : -S.K.RAY ( M.A )
PROSE : -STRONG ROOTS
A. complete each of the following sentences , choosing the correct option from the alternatives provided :
1 ) APJ Abdul Kalam's autobiography is --- fire of wings / wings of fire / Thank You Ma'am / The Eyes Have It .
Ans :
2 ) APJ Abdul Kalam is wide known as a great --- president / politician / businessman / scientist .
Ans :
3 ) APJ Abdul Kalam was a boy of --- Tamil family / Telegu family / Bengali family / Marathi family .
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4 ) The family of Kalam was rich / poor / middle class / upper middle class .
Ans :
5 ) " Wings of Fire " the autobiography of Dr APJ Abdul Kalam was written in --- 1997/1998/1999/2000 .
Ans :
6 ) Kalam was born in the island town of --Port Blair / Rameswaram / Andaman / Nicobor .
Ans :
7 ) Abdul Kalam's ancestral house was built in --- mid 19th century / late 19th century / early 20th century / early 19th century .
Ans :
8 ) Abdul Kalam's ancestral house in Ramesharam , was on --- Grand Street / Lake Street / Mosque Street / Charchinar Street .
Ans :
9 ) Kalam's father would take him to the mosque for --- dawn prayers / afternoon prayers / evening prayers / night prayers .
Ans :
10 ) Kalam had a --- childhood . -secure childhood / insecure childhood / problematic childhood / disturbed childhood.
Ans :
11 ) The name of the Kalam's mother was --- Ashiana / Ayushana / Ashiamma / Avishana .
Ans :
12 ) one of the forebears of Kalam's mother was awarded by the British the title of -- Raibahadur / Bahadur / Padmashree / Bharat Ratna .
Ans :
13 ) Rameswaram was famous to pilgrims for --- The Vishnu temple / The Siva temple / The Tirupati temple / the mosque .
Ans :
14 ) Kalam's father started his day --- at4pm / at 4 am / at early morning / at dawn .
Ans :
15 ) Pakshi Lakshmana sastry was -- the neighbor of Kalam / the high priest of Rameswaram temple / the friend of Kalam / none of these .
Ans :
16 ) By ' my own world ' Kalam refers to -- science and technology / religion / politics / astrology .
Ans :
17 ) Kalam usually ate with his father / mother / family members / brother .
Ans :
18 ) Kalam's locality was predominantly --- Hindu / Christian / Jain / Muslim .
Ans :
19) people waited outside the mosque for Kalam's father with bowls of -- water / rice / fruits / coconut .
Ans :
20 ) After the namaz Kalam's father used to walk down to a small --- mango grove / coconut grove / pine grove / tea garden.
Ans :
21 ) Everyday Kalam's father would take a stroll of two miles / three miles / four miles / five miles .
Ans :
22 ) At lunch Kalam's mother served him --- rice and sambar / rice , sambar and homemade pickle / rice , sambar , homemade pickle and coconut chutney / none of these .
Ans :
23 ) The water was purified by Kalam's father for -- children / orphans / Invalids/ old persons.
Ans :
24 ) Kalam's father asked the people to thank of -- the Muslims / the Allah / the Hindus / people of different religions.
Ans :
25 ) Kalam had not the faintest idea of the meaning of the prayers chanted in --- Urdu / Arabic / Persi / Islamic .
Ans :
26 ) According to Kalam's father , man looks for company when he is --- happy / lonely / sad / afraid .
Ans :
27 ) Kalam's father would pick up --- about a dozen coconut / about 8 coconut / 10 coconut / 14 coconut .
Ans :
28 ) Kalam's father had --- less formal education / much wealth / much formal education but less wealth / neither much formal education nor much wealth .
Ans :
29 ) Kalam's father maintained his routine bound life even when he was --- in his fifties / sixty / in his late sixty / sixty three .
Ans :
30 ) Abdul Kalam was a boy of - exceptional look / handsome look / impressive look / ordinary look .
Ans :
31 ) During meals , the food was served on --- dishes / banana leaves / plastics / plates .
Ans :
B. Answer the following questions , each in a complete sentence :
1 ) What is Kalam's full name ? ( Sub + Aux + ----------- ) .
Ans :
2 ) in which town was Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam's born ? ( Sub + Aux + V² + P + ---- ) .
Ans :
3 ) What was the name of Abdul Kalam's mother ? ( Sub + Aux + ---).
Ans :
4 ) in which did Abdul Kalam's father have an ideal helpmate ? ( Sub + V² + Obj + P + ---- )
Ans :
5 ) What were Kalam's parents regarded as ? ( Sub + Aux + V² + As + ---)
Ans :
6 ) Who was bestowed the title of ' Bahadur ' In " Strong Roots " ? (---+ + Aux + V² + Obj ) .
Ans :
7 ) How does Kalam's describe his appearance ? ( Sub + Aux + ---)
Ans :
8 ) What would Kalam usually have in lunch ? ( Sub + V2 + --- )
Ans :
9 ) How far was the famous Siva temple of Rameswaram from Kalam's house ? ( Sub + Aux + About + ---- + from + Obj ) .
Ans :
10 ) How was the locality where Kalam lived ? ( Sub + Aux + - --)
Ans :
11 ) Where did Kalam's father go for the evening prayers ? ( Sub + V² + Obj + P + ---)
Ans :
12 ) How was Kalam's childhood ? ( Sub + Aux + -- )
Ans :
13 ) Who was the high priest of Rameswaram temple ? ( -- -- -- + Aux + Obj ) .
Ans :
14 ) Name a distinguished friend of APJ Abdul Kalam's father ? ( --- + Aux + Obj ) .
Ans :
15 ) What does Kalam's father say about the relevance of prayer ? ( Sub + V² + That + - - --)
Ans:
16 ) What according to Kalam's father does adversity always present ? ( According to + Sub + V + Obj + P + ---)
Ans :
17 ) According to Kalam's father , what do human being in their loneliness ? ( According to + Sub + V + Obj + ---)
Ans :
18 ) When did the father of APJ Abdul Kalam get up from bed ? ( Sub + V + P + Obj + P + --- ) .
Ans :
19 ) Where did Kalam live in his childhood ? ( Sub + V + Obj + P +--- ) .
Ans :
20 ) How was Kalam's locality ? ( Sub + Aux + -- -)
Ans :
21 ) What did Kalam's father do with the bowls of water ? ( Sub + Aux + --)
Ans :
22 ) Why did the people carry home the bowls of water ? ( Sub + V² + Obj + P + --- ) .
Ans :
23 ) How could Abdul Kalam's father convey complex spiritual matters ? ( Sub + V² + Obj + P + ---)
Ans :
24 ) What did Kalam's father do after the namaz ? ( Suj + V² + ---)
Ans :
25 ) What does Kalam feel about divine power ? ( Sub + V + es / s + That + ---)
Ans:-
----
1) " We lived in our ancestral house , " --- Who is the speaker?
Ans:-
2. " We lived in our ancestral house , " --- When was the house built?
Ans:-
3. " We lived in our ancestral house , " ---What kind of house was it?
Ans:-
4. " We lived in our ancestral house , " --- How did the inmates of the house lead their lives in the house ?
Ans:-
C. Answer the following questions each in about 100 words : - [ 6 marks ]
1 ) " His answer filled me with a strong energy and enthusiasm " --- What was the question ? What answer is referred to here ?
Or,
" Why don't you say this to the people who come to you " --- Who say this and to whom ? What is referred to by the word this ? Why do the people come to the person spoken to ?
Ans : - APJ Abdul Kalam says this to his father , Jainlabdeen .
Jainlabdeen has explained to his son that every human being is an integral part of the entire spiritual cosmos . Instead of being afraid of difficulties , suffering and problems , one must try to find the relevance of suffering . This philosophical teaching is referred to as this .
Jainlabdeen told Kalam as a reply to his question that whenever people are alone , they look for companions . He also added , that whenever people are in problem they look for someone's assistance .
The distressed people come to Jainlabdeen for they consider him to be a medium in their effort to please the demonic forces with prayers and offering .
2) " Our locality was predominantly muslim " - Who is the speaker ? How does the speaker describe the locality ? What picture of communal harmony do you find in this description ?
Or ,
Describe the locality where APJ Abdul Kalam lived in his childhood .
Ans : -Here , the speaker is APJ Abdul Kalam .
Kalam lived in the island town of Rameswaram . It was predominantly a muslim locality , yet quiet a lot of Hindu families lived in peace with their muslim nighbours . The famous temple of Rameswaram was situated in their locality .
The locality where they lived was perfect picture of communal harmony . There where very old mosque in the locality . Kalam's father would take him for the evening prayers . After prayers , Kalam would see people of different religions gathering before the mosque . They wanted the blessing of his father . The head priest of Rameswaram would visit Kalam's house . His father would discuss the spiritual matters with him .
VIVEKANANDA COACHING CENTRE
TUTOR:- SWAPAN KUMAR RAY(M.A)
1. "This is not a correct approach at all" ---Who said this? What is the approach? Why is the approach not correct?
Ans:- Dr. A. P. J Abdul Kalam's father Jainulabdeen said this.
according to Kalam's father the approach is the manner in which people try to satisfy demonic forces with prayers and offering. Because sorrowfull people consider their suffering to be the expression of anger of the evil forces. So they want to satisfy the evil forces by prayers and offering.
Kalam's father said that such an approach is not correct because it is an outcome of fear-ridden vision of destiny. But the right approach is to find out our shortcomings that confine our fulfillment.
2. " We lived in our ancestral house , " Who is the speaker ? When was the house built ? What kind of house was it ? How did the inmates of the house lead their lives in the house ?
Ans : - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam is the speaker here .
The house was built in the middle 19th century .
The house was a fairly large pucca one , made of limestone and brick , on the mosque street in Rameswaram . The famous Shiva temple was about a ten minute walk from their house .
Kalam was born in a middle class Tamil family in Rameswaram and lived in their ancestral house with his parents . Kalam remembered That his mother Ashiamma , used to feed many outsiders daily . The inmates of The house led a simple and peacefull life . They avoided all unnecessary comforts and luxuiries except basic needs like food , medicine , clothing .
3. " I normally ate with my mother Who ate with his mother? Name his mother? Where did he eat with his mother? What did he eat with his mother?
Ans. The author Dr APJ Abdul Kalam ate with his mother.
The name of his mother is Ashiamma.
He normally ate with his mother sitting on the floor of the kitchen.
Kalam's mother would place a banana leaf before him. He ate rice, aromatic sambar, a variety of sharp, homemade pickles, and a dollop of fresh coconut chutney.
● 1st SEMESTER
1. An Astrologer's Day Click here
2. Swami & Mother Worship.Click here
3. Amarnath.click here
4. Composed Upon Westminster Bridge.click here
5. Bangle seller. click here
6. Second Coming.click here
7. Rapid Reader. part A // part B
● 2nd SEMESTER
1. Jimmy Valentine. click here
2. Still I Rise. click here
3. My Last Duchess. click here // click here
4. Noble Lecture . Click Here New
5. Paragraph Paragraph xi 2nd
6. Of studies.Click Here
7. A ghostly wife Click here
8. Paragraph Click here
■ question Paper SET A
9. The Ghost Brahman Click Here
10. Paragraph 2 Click Here
11. The Garden Party Click Here
12. Letter Click Here
● 3rd SEMESTER
1. Strong Roots. Click Here
1. Strong Roots new Click Here
2. Our Casuarina Tree Click Here
3. Unseen Click here
4. Night train at Deoli Click here
● 4th SEMESTER
VIVKANANADA COACHING CENTRE
CLASS:- XI ; SEMESTER :- II
VERSE:- STILL I RISE.
POET:- MAYA ANGELOU.
PREPARED BY :- SWAPAN KUMAR RAY (M.A , B.ED)
A. Answer the following questions:- (2marks)
1. Who is 'You' addressed in the poem "Still I Rise" ? ( ---- + Aux + V3 + Obj)
Who is 'I' in the poem "Still I Rise " ? ( Sub + Aux + V3 + P + ----)
Ans:- The oppressor, white Americans are referred to here in the poem Still I Rise.
In the poem 'Still I Rise' I referred to the oppressed , Black Afro-American person. Here the poet was a representitive of them.
2. " I bear in the tide " --- What does the tide suggested here ? (Sub + V2 + -------)
Ans:- The poet declared that she can tolerate everything and overcome any oppression like the tide.
3. " Does my sassiness upset you ? " --- What does the expression suggest ? { Sub + (V+es/s) + That + ------)
Ans:- The expression suggests that the poet's sassiness may upset the white Americans. Her beauty , confidence and fearless attitude may upset them because they wanted to see the Afro-American broken and bow down their head.
4. " I walk like I have got oil wells / pumping in my living room." --- What does the line suggested ? (V+es/s) + That + ------)
Ans:- The poet Maya Angelou compares her walking style with a wealthy person who has got oil pumping in her living room. Actually she shows her power , self confidence in this line.
5. " Just like hopes springing high." --- What does the poet mean here ? (V+es/s) +------)
Ans:- As a person of the Afro-American origin , the poet faced a lot of contempt , pain by the white Americans. Even then, he is quite optimistic that he will overcome all the odds and win.
6." You may shoot me with your words." What does the poet mean here ? (V+es/s) +------)
Ans:- As a person of the Afro-American origin , the poet faced a lot of contempt , pain by the white Americans. She said that even if the white people try to kill him with their words , he will not give up.
7. "I am a black ocean, leaping and wide." --- Who is the black ocean ? (---- + Aux + Obj )
What figure of speech is used in this line ? (---- + Aux + V3 + Obj)
Ans:- The Maya Angelou is the Black ocean.
The poet compares himself to the Black Sea because he is a member of the Black American community. He feels proud to be a member of this community. Like an ocean, he is vast, powerful, and mysterious.
8. " You may kill me with your hatefulness" --- What does the line suggested ? (V+es/s) +------)
Ans:-As a person of the Afro-American origin , the poet faced a lot of contempt , pain by the white Americans. She said that even if the white people try to kill him with their hatefulness , he will not give up.
9. " You may trod me in the very dirt." --- Who is referred to here as you ? ( ---- + Aux + V3 + Obj)
Ans:- The oppressor, white Americans are referred to here as 'You' in the poem Still I Rise.
10. " Did you want to see me broken ? " --- What does the poet suggest here ? (Sub + V+es/s) +------)
Ans:- The poet sarcastically says that the oppressors want to see him broken , bowed head and lowered eyes. They want to see her shoulders falling down like teardrops. The poet sarcastically says that the oppressors want to see him broken , bowed head and lowered eyes. They want to see her shoulders falling down like teardrops.
But the poet is quite optimistic that he will wake up like a new dawn after overcoming all these.
11. " Does my sexiness upset you ?" --- Whose sexiness upset whom ? (---- + V2 + -----)
Ans:- The poet's sexiness upset the oppressor, white persons.
12. How does the poet laugh in the poem " Still I Rise" ? {Sub + (V+es/s) + As + -------)
Ans:- The poet considers himself the owner of a gold mine. And he is smiling as if he has found a gold mine in his living room. In fact, here he is talking about his infinite courage and patience in this line.
13. How does the poet describe her walking in the poem " Still I Rise" ? {Sub + (V+es/s) +Obj + As + -------)
Ans:- The poet Maya Angelou compares her walking style with a wealthy person who has got oil pumping in her living room. Actually she shows her power , self confidence in this line.
14. What does the poet mean by ' History's shame' ? {Sub + (V+es/s) + -------)
Ans:- The shame of history refers to the history of slavery. The history of torture portrays the shame and humiliation for slaves.
15. How does the poet describe her dancing ? {Sub + (V+es/s) + Obj + -------)
Ans:- The poet dances as if she has diamonds in her thighs. Her dance seems to symbolize her strength, beauty and sexuality. It seems to portray a protest against the oppression of the white Americans.
16. Who were the ancestors of the poet ? (Sub + Aux + ----)
What gift did they give her ? (Sub + V2 + -----)
Ans:- The ancestors of the poet were the dead persons of the slaves who had faced a lot of contempt , pain by the white Americans.
They gave the poet hope and dream as a gift. She has the responsibility to carry on their dream and hope for long way.
17. What do 'Oil wells in the living room ' signify ? (Sub + V2 + ----)
Ans:- The poet Maya Angelou compares her walking style with a wealthy person who has got oil pumping in her living room. Actually she shows her power , self confidence in this line.
18. Why has the poet compared his rising with dust ? (Sub + Aux + V3 + Obj + -------)
Ans:- The oppressor white Americans want to crush the Afro-Americans under their feet like dust. But the poet will rise like dust. That is, the poet declares that even after White man's oppression, their rise cannot be stopped. He will rise like dust.
19. " You may shoot me with your words " --- What does the line suggested ? (V+es/s) +------)
Ans:- As a person of the Afro-American origin , the poet faced a lot of contempt , pain by the white Americans. She said that even if the white people try to kill him with their words , he will not give up.
20. " Why are you best with gloom ? " --- What does the line suggested ? (V+es/s) +------)
Ans:- The expression suggests that the poet's sassiness may upset the white Americans. Her beauty , confidence and fearless attitude may upset them because they wanted to see the Afro-American broken and bow down their head.
21. What type of poem ' Still I Rise' ? ( Sub + Aux + -----)
Ans:- 'Still I Rise' is a lyrical poem. The poet Maya Angelou told it from the perspective of the first person speaker.
22. " Into a daybreak that's wondrously clear " --- What does 'Daybreak' symbolise ? {Sub + (V+es/s ) + -----)
Ans:- Afro-Americans have faced a lot of humiliation and pain at the hands of white Americans. They have lived a life like slavery. But the poet is quite optimistic that he will wake up like a new dawn after overcoming all these nights of fear and terror.
23." I am the dream and hope of the slave " --- What does the line suggested ? (V+es/s) +------)
Ans:- The poet sees himself as the bearer of the hopes and dreams of his ancestors, who for a long time lived in slavery, oppressed, humiliated by white Americans.
24. " Leaving behind nights of terror and fear " --- What does the line suggested ? (V+es/s) +------)
Ans:- Afro-Americans have faced a lot of humiliation and pain at the hands of white Americans. They have lived a life like slavery. But the poet is quite optimistic that he will wake up like a new dawn after overcoming all these nights of fear and terror.
A. Answer the following questions:- (6marks)
1. Analyse the various images as you found in 'Still I Rise''. [Still I Rise কবিতায় পাওয়া বিভিন্ন চিত্রকল্পগুলি ব্যাখ্যা করো। ]
Ans:- In the poem ' Still I Rise ' written by Maya Angelou, the poet uses various imagery to create deep impact on the reader's mind. For example:
The poet declared that she can tolerate everything and overcome any oppression like the tide.
The poet considers himself the owner of a gold mine. And he is smiling as if he has found a gold mine in his living room.
The poet dances as if she has diamonds in her thighs. Her dance seems to symbolize her strength, beauty and sexuality.
The poet Maya Angelou compares her walking style with a wealthy person who has got oil pumping in her living room.
The poet declares that even after White man's oppression, their rise cannot be stopped. He will rise like dust.
The poet's sassiness may upset the white Americans. Her beauty , confidence and fearless attitude may upset them because they wanted to see the Afro-American broken and bow down their head.
2. Bring out the theme of the poem 'Still I Rise' . [Still I Rise কবিতার বিষয়বস্তু আলোচনা করো।]
Or,
Bring out the central Idea of the poem 'Still I Rise' . [ Still I Rise কবিতার কেন্দ্রীয় ধারণা আলোচনা করো ।]
or, How is oppression potrayed in 'Still I Rise' [Still I Rise কবিতায় নির্যাতনের চিত্র কীভাবে ফুটে উঠেছে ?]
Ans:- In Maya Angelou's poem ' Still I Rise', the poet portrays a social picture of twentieth-century America, where Afro-Americans are exploited and oppressed by white Americans.In the poem, the poet presents herself as a representative of black people.The oppressor white Americans want to crush the Afro-Americans under their feet like dust. But the poet will rise like dust. That is, the poet declares that even after White man's oppression, their rise cannot be stopped. He will rise like dust.
The ancestors of the poet were the dead persons of the slaves who had faced a lot of contempt , pain by the white Americans.They have lived a life like slavery. But the poet is quite optimistic that he will wake up like a new dawn after overcoming all these nights of fear and terror.
3. ' That I dance like I've got diamonds /At the meeting of my thighs?' --- Who is referred to here as I ? How does the speaker dance ? What is the massage conveyed through the lines ? [ That I dance like I've got diamonds / At the meeting of my thighs?- আমি বলতে কাকে বোঝানো হয়েছে ? বক্তা কীভাবে নাচেন ? এই লাইনের দ্বারা কী বার্তা পাই ? ]
Or,
'' Does my sexiness upset you?/ Does it come as a surprise? '' ---Who is referred to here as I ? How does the speaker dance ? What is the massage conveyed through the lines ? [ '' Does my sexiness upset you?/ Does it come as a surprise? '' - আমি বলতে কাকে বোঝানো হয়েছে ? বক্তা কীভাবে নাচেন ? এই লাইনের দ্বারা কী বার্তা পাই ? ]
Ans:- In the poem 'Still I Rise' I referred to the oppressed , Black Afro-American person. Here the poet was a representitive of them.
The poet dances as if she has diamonds in her thighs. Her dance seems to symbolize her strength, beauty and sexuality. It seems to portray a protest against the oppression of the white Americans.
Afro-Americans have faced a lot of humiliation and pain at the hands of white Americans. They have lived a life like slavery. The poet sarcastically says that the oppressors want to see him broken , bowed head and lowered eyes. They want to see her shoulders falling down like teardrops. But the poet is quite optimistic that he will wake up like a new dawn after overcoming all these nights of fear and terror.
মা কামতেশ্বরী সেতু : সিতাইবাসীর আকাঙ্খা
কোচবিহার জেলার দিনহাটা মহকুমার একটি সীমান্তবর্তী ব্লক হল সিতাই। বাংলাদেশ সীমান্তবর্তী ১৫১ বর্গকিমি এলাকা জুড়ে অবস্থান করা এই সিতাই ব্লকের মানুষ কোচবিহার জেলার অন্যান্য প্রান্ত থেকে দীর্ঘদিন ধরে একপ্রকার যোগাযোগ বিচ্ছিন্ন ছিল । এর কারন শুধুমাত্র এই এলাকা সীমান্তবর্তী ছিল বলেই নয় বরং দিনহাটা ও সিতাই এর মাঝখানে প্রবাহিত সিঙিমারী নদীর অবস্থান অনেকাংশে দায়ী ছিল। নদীর ওপর সেতু না থাকায় এপ্রান্তের লোক নদী পেরিয়ে সিতাইতে যেতে চাইত না । কেননা নদী পেরোতে অনেক সমস্যা যেমন নৌকোর ভাড়া , সময়ের অপচয় , বিকেল পেরোলে নৌকা না পাওয়া ইত্যাদির মুখোমুখি হতে হত। কিন্তু সিতাই ব্লকের লোকেদের তো এপাড়ে আসতেই হয় সেটা অফিসের কাজেকর্মে হোক কিংবা উচ্চশিহ্মা লাভ করতে , তাদের রেহাই নেই।
উত্তরবঙ্গের বিখ্যাত নদী জলঢাকা এই অঞ্চলে মানসাই ও সিঙিমারী নামে পরিচিত। গোসানিমারী সংলগ্ন এই নদীটি গ্রীষ্মকালে তেমন জল না থাকলেও বর্ষাকাল সহ বছরের অধিকাংশ সময় ভয়াবহ আকার ধারন করত । বর্ষাকালে এই নদীটিতে নৌকাডুবির মতো ঘটনাও ঘটত । নদীতে সেতু না থাকায় যাতায়তের জন্য কোন যানবাহন চলাচল সম্ভব ছিল না । যাতায়তের জন্য একমাত্র ভরসা ছিল নৌকা । সবসময় নৌকা না থাকায় সাধারন মানুষকে অনেক সমস্যার সন্মুখিন হতে হত। অনেক মুমুর্ষ রোগীকে দিনহাটা বা কোচবিহারে নিয়ে আসতে গেলে দীর্ঘ পথ ঘুরে মাথাভাঙা হয়ে আসতে হত । ফলে অনেকের প্রান সংকট দেখা দিত । ছাত্রছাত্রীরা উচ্চশিহ্মা গ্রহনের জন্য দিনহাটা কোচবিহারে ভাড়া বাড়িতে থাকতে বাধ্য হত। অথচ সেতু থাকলে নিত্যদিন যাতায়ত করা কোনরকম অসুবিধাজনক ছিল না । তাই সিতাইবাসী দীর্ঘদিন ধরে এই নদীতে একটি সেতুর দাবী করে আসছিল । আদাবাড়ী , ব্রহ্মত্তরচাত্রা , সিতাই ১ , সিতাই ২ ও চামটা এই পাচটি অঞ্চলে নিয়ে গঠিত সিতাই ব্লকে প্রায় ৫০ হাজার মানুষ বসবাস করে । কোচবিহার শহর থেকে সিতাই প্রায় ৪৫ কিমি দুরত্বে অবস্থিত । সিতাই থেকে মহকুমা দিনহাটার দুরত্ব প্রায় ২৫ কিমির মতো। নিত্যদিনের কাজে কর্মে এলাকার জনসাধারনকে প্রায় প্রতিদিন দিনহাটা , কোচবিহারে যাতায়ত করতে হয় । দুরত্ব খুব বেশি না হলেও একমাত্র সমস্যা হত নদী পার করার সময় । সাগরদিঘী ও আদাবাড়ী ঘাটের নৌচলাচলের সুবিধা বহাল থাকলেও বর্ষাকালে নদী পেরোনো যথেষ্ঠ ঝুকি পূর্ন হত।
অবশেষে ২০২১ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের মাননীয়া মুখ্যমন্ত্রী মমতা বন্ধ্যোপাধ্যায় সিঙিমারী নদীর উপর দেবী কামতেশ্বরী সেতুর উদ্ধোধন করলে সিতাইবাসীর দাবী পূর্ণতা পায় । ২০১১ সালে সাগরদিঘী ঘাট সংলগ্ন কামতেশ্বরী সেতুটির নির্মান কাজ শুরু হয় । প্রায় ১৫০ কোটি টাকা ব্যায়ে ৯৪৪ মিটার দীর্ঘ সেতুটি নির্মান সম্পূর্ণ হয় ২০২১ সালে । পশ্চিমবঙ্গের মাননীয়া মুখ্যমন্ত্রী মমতা বন্ধ্যোপাধ্যায় ২০২১ সালে শিলিগুড়ি সংস্কৃতিক মঞ্চ থেকে সিঙিমারী নদীর উপর দেবী কামতেশ্বরী সেতুর উদ্ধোধন করার পর সেতুটি জনসাধারনের জন্য খুলে দেওয়া হয় । প্রাচীন ঐতিহ্য অনুসারে গোসানিমারীর জনপ্রিয় দেবী মা কামতেশ্বরীর নাম অনুসারে সেতুটির নামকরণ করা হয় মা কামতেশ্বরী সেতু ।
কামতেশ্বরী সেতু তৈরি হওয়ায় এখন সিতাই এলাকার যোগাযোগ অনেক উন্নত হয়েছে । গভীর রাতের যখনতখন এলাকাবাসী দিনহাটা কোচবিহারে যাতায়ত করতে পারে । তাছাড়া সিতাই-কোচবিহার , সিতাই-দিনহাটা গামী বাস চলাচল এখন চালু হয়েছে । পিছিয়ে পড়া সিতাই এর মানুষ এখন সহজে ব্যবসা বানিজ্য চালাতে , অফিসের কাজে , উচ্চশিহ্মা লাভ করতে শহরে আসতে পারছে । এবং কাজের শেষে মা কামতেশ্বরীর কৃপায় নিরাপদে সেতু পেরিয়ে ঘরে ফিরতে পারছে ।
BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that. -------- of class XI, Roll No:---- Sec: --- , Registration No :- --- has completed his/her project file on " Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose " under my supervision. He/She has taken proper care and shown utmost sincerity in the completion of this project.
I certify that this project work is up to my expectation and as per the guidelines issued by WB.C.HS.E
This is to certify that this project report entitled " Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose " by -------- class:- ---- , Roll no:- ---- , Registration No :- ----- submitted during the academic year 2024-25 is a bona fide record of work done under my supervision.
Signature of the project guide with date
Name
Designation
Department
School
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project on " Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose " has given me an extensive scope of learning through group activities. I consider myself lucky to work under -------- whose support made our project quite interesting. We are thankful to him.
Last but not least, I am thankful to all my friends and family members who helped me to complete the project.
Signature of the student
CONTENT
● INTRODUCTION .
● METHOD & TECHNIQUE .
● AIM OF THE PROJECT .
● OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT.
● CONCLUSION.
● REFERENCE.
INTRODUCTION
As per the new syllabus , project work has been included as a part of the curriculum . We have made the choice according to the availability of work. All of us have seen many presentations floating around about eminent people like Swami Vivekananda , Rabindra Nath Tagore , Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose etc. In this project we discuss about Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, an eminent Personality of Indian history.
METHOD & TECHNIQUE :-
In this project, we had to find a character based on popularity and acceptance and then based on interview or literature rivew.
On the first day, we discussed on finding such a character. later after many discussions and based on the availability of works we chosed Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose for our project topic.
On the second and third day, we went through the text a number of times to have a better understanding of his activity and role in Indian history.
On the fourth and fifth day, we thoroughly revised our script and made certain changes where necessary ad submitted the final draft for evaluation.
AIM OF THE PROJECT :-
The aims and objectives are as follows:
a. A project develops deeper understanding of a particular topic. We can use our language skill in presenting the eminent ersonality.
b. A project develops imaginative faculty. We learn the personality.
c. It develops practical knowledge through experience.
d. It develops communication skill and power of organisation.
OUT COME OF THE PROJECT :-
SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE
Subhas Chandra Bose, popularly known as Netaji, was an outstanding leader of the Indian freedom movement and a revolutionary par excellence. He effectively took the Indian Freedom Movement beyond the frontiers of India which is perhaps a rare feat in the history of our freedom struggle. His magnificent and inspiring words 'Jai Hind', which echo in everyone's ears and ignite patriotic instincts in our heart, have truly become the national rallying call.
■ Family history and early life:-
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack (Orissa) to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose. His father was a successful lawyer in Cuttack and received the title of "Rai Bahadur". He did his schooling at the Protestant European School (presently Stewart High School) in Cuttack, just like his siblings. He did baccalaureate from the Presidency College. He was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna after reading their works at the age of 16. He then was sent by his parents to the University of Cambridge in England to prepare for the Indian Civil Service. In 1920 he passed the civil service examination, but in April 1921, after hearing of the nationalist turmoils in India, he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India.
■ Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Congress:-
He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement which was started by Mahatma Gandhi who made INC a powerful non-violent organization. During the movement, he was advised by Mahatma Gandhi to work with Chittaranjan Das who became his political guru. After that, he became a youth educator and commandant of the Bengal Congress volunteers. He started the newspaper 'Swaraj'. In 1927, after being released from prison, Bose became general secretary of the Congress party and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence.
In 1938 he was elected president of the Indian National Congress and formed a national planning committee, which formulated a policy of broad industrialization. However, this did not harmonize with Gandhian economic thought, which clung to the notion of cottage industries and benefiting from the use of the country's own resources. Bose's vindication came in 1939 when he defeated a Gandhian rival for reelection. Nonetheless, the "rebel president" felt bound to resign because of the lack of Gandhi's support.
■ Subhas Chandra Bose and the formation of Forward Bloc:-
All India Forward Bloc was a left-wing nationalist political party in India that emerged as a faction within the India Congress in 1939, led by Subhas Chandra Bose. He was well known for his leftist views in Congress. The prime objective of the Froward Bloc was to bring all radical elements of the Congress party. So that he could spread the meaning of complete independence of India with adherence to the application of principles of equality and social justice.
■ Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauz:-
An important development in the struggle for freedom during the Second World War was the formation and activities of the Azad Hind Fauj, also known as the Indian National Army or INA. Rash Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary who had escaped from India and had been living in Japan for many years, set up the Indian Independence League with the support of Indians living in the countries of south-east Asia.
When Japan defeated the British armies and occupied almost all the countries of Southeast Asia, the league formed the Indian National Army from among the Indian prisoners of war to liberate India from British rule. General Mohan Singh, who had been an officer in the British Indian army, played an important role in organizing this army.
In the meantime, Subhas Chandra Bose escaped from India in 1941 and went to Germany to work for India's Independence. In 1943, he came to Singapore to lead the Indian Independence League and rebuild the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to make it an effective instrument for the freedom of India. The Azad Hind Fauj comprised about 45,000 soldiers, among whom were Indian prisoners of war as well as Indians who were settled in various countries of southeast Asia.
On 21 October 1943, Subhas Bose, who was now popularly known as Netaji, proclaimed the formation of the provisional government of independent India (Azad Hind) in Singapore. Netaji went to the Andaman which had been occupied by the Japanese and hoisted there the flag of India. In early 1944, three units of the Azad Hind Fauj (INA) took part in the attack on the north-eastern parts of India to oust the British from India. According to Shah Nawaz Khan, one of the most prominent officers of the Azad Hind Fauj, the soldiers who had entered India laid themselves flat on the ground and passionately kissed the sacred soil of their motherland. However, the attempt to liberate India by the Azad Hind Fauj failed.
Indian women also played an important role in the activities for the freedom of India. A women's regiment of Azad Hind Fauj was formed, which was under the command of Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan. It was called the Rani Jhansi regiment. The Azad Hind Fauj became the symbol of unity and heroism to the people of India. Netaji, who had been one of the greatest leaders of India's struggle for freedom, was reported killed in an air crash a few days after Japan had surrendered.
CONCLUSION :-
The Azad Hind Fauj was defeated in the Indian Liberation War, but its purpose was not completely fruitless. Although the liberation struggle of the Azad Hind Fauj failed, Subhash Chandra Bose and his army occupy an important place in the history of the Indian independence struggle. The patriotism, courage, organizational strength and heroic struggle of Netaji and his Azad Hind Fauj struck a great fear in the minds of the British government.
REFERENCE:-
● Bandhyapadhyay , Sekhar : From Plassey to Partition , Orient Longman , New Delhi , 2022.
● Duff & Dutt : Elixir an English Companion , Tulshi Prokashani , Kolkata , 2024.
● Ray & Martin : English Companion , Kolkata , 2024.
● Chowdhury Teslim : Bharater Itihas , Mitram , Kolkata , 2011.
● Google & wikipedia .
